智能无人自主系统发展趋势

张涛; 李清; 张长水; 梁华为; 李平; 王田苗; 李硕; 朱云龙; 吴澄

doi:10.1631/FITEE.1601650

Your Location：

Home >

Browse articles >

智能无人自主系统发展趋势

人工智能2.0专辑 | Updated：2022-05-19

- 智能无人自主系统发展趋势
- Current trends in the development of intelligent unmanned autonomous systems
- 信息与电子工程前沿（英文） 2017年18卷第1期页码：68-85
- Affiliations：
  
  1Department of Automation, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
  2Hefei Institute of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
  3School of Control Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
  4Robotics Institute, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
  5Shenyang Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
- Author bio：
  
  E-mail:taozhang@tsinghua.edu.cn
- Funds：
- DOI：10.1631/FITEE.1601650
  中图分类号： TP2
- 收稿：2016-10-19，
  
  录用：2016-12-28，
  
  纸质出版：2017-01
- Accepted：
Scan QR Code
张涛, 李清, 张长水, 等. 智能无人自主系统发展趋势[J]. 信息与电子工程前沿（英文）, 2017,18(1):68-85.

Tao ZHANG, Qing LI, Chang-shui ZHANG, et al. Current trends in the development of intelligent unmanned autonomous systems[J]. Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering, 2017, 18(1): 68-85.
张涛, 李清, 张长水, 等. 智能无人自主系统发展趋势[J]. 信息与电子工程前沿（英文）, 2017,18(1):68-85. DOI： 10.1631/FITEE.1601650.

Tao ZHANG, Qing LI, Chang-shui ZHANG, et al. Current trends in the development of intelligent unmanned autonomous systems[J]. Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering, 2017, 18(1): 68-85. DOI： 10.1631/FITEE.1601650.

摘要

智能无人自主系统是人工智能的重要应用之一，其发展可大大推动人工智能技术的创新。本文通过其主要成就介绍了智能无人自主系统的发展趋势。并且，本文将相关技术分成了7个领域，包括人工智能技术、无人车、无人机、服务机器人、空间机器人、海洋机器人和无人车间/智能工厂。本文对每个领域的发展趋势进行了介绍。

Abstract

Intelligent unmanned autonomous systems are some of the most important applications of artificial intelligence (AI). The development of such systems can significantly promote innovation in AI technologies. This paper introduces the trends in the development of intelligent unmanned autonomous systems by summarizing the main achievements in each technological platform. Furthermore

we classify the relevant technologies into seven areas

including AI technologies

unmanned vehicles

unmanned aerial vehicles

service robots

space robots

marine robots

and unmanned workshops/intelligent plants. Current trends and developments in each area are introduced.

关键词

Keywords

references

M Abadi , , , A Agarwal , , , P Barham , , , 等 . . TensorFlow: large-scale machine learning on heterogeneous systems . . 2016 . . arXiv:1603.04467 . . . .

DL Akin , , , ML Bowden . . Human-robotic hybrids for deep space EVA: the space construction and orbital utility transport concept . . 2003 . . AIAA Space . . 1 - - 11 . . . .

A Albu-Schaffer , , , W Bertleff , , , B Rebele , , , 等 . . ROKVISS-robotics component verification on ISS current experimental results on parameter identification . . 2006 . . IEEE Int. Conf. on Robotics and Automation . . 3879 - - 3885 . . DOI: 10.1109/ROBOT.2006.1642296 http://doi.org/10.1109/ROBOT.2006.1642296 . .

ARC Advisory Group Collaborative Manufacturing Management Strategies , , 2002 . . Available from: https://www.arcweb.com/ https://www.arcweb.com/ . .

A Bacha , , , C Bauman , , , R Faruque , , , 等 . . Odin: Team VictorTango's entry in the DARPA urban challenge . . J. Field Robot. , , 2008 . . 25 ( ( 8 ): ): 467 - - 492 . . DOI: 10.1002/rob.20248 http://doi.org/10.1002/rob.20248 . .

EJ Barkmeyer , , , N Christopher , , , SC Feng , , , 等 . . SIMA Reference Architecture Part 1: Activity Models . . 1996 . . NISTIR 5939. National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg . . . .

G Brockman , , , V Cheung , , , L Pettersson , , , 等 . . OpenAI Gym . . 2016 . . arXiv:1606.01540 . . . .

B Canis . . Unmanned aircraft systems (UAS): commercial outlook for a new industry . . Congressional Research Service , , 2015 . . 7 - - 5700 . . . .

HY Chao , , , YC Cao , , , YQ Chen . . Autopilots for small unmanned aerial vehicles: a survey . . Int. J. Contr. Automat. Syst. , , 2010 . . 8 ( ( 1 ): ): 36 - - 44 . . DOI: 10.1007/s12555-010-0105-z http://doi.org/10.1007/s12555-010-0105-z . .

MS Chase , , , K Gunness , , , LJ Morris , , , 等 . . Emerging trends in China's development of unmanned systems. Research Reports: RR-990-OSD, RAND Corp., Santa Monica , , 2015 . . Available from: http://www.rand.org/pubs/research_reports/RR990.html http://www.rand.org/pubs/research_reports/RR990.html . .

S Chetlur , , , C Woolley , , , P Vandermersch , , , 等 . . cuDNN: efficient primitives for deep learning . . 2014 . . arXiv: 1410.0759 . . . .

F Cusumano , , , R Lampariello , , , G Hirzinger . . Development of tele-operation control for a free-floating robot during the grasping of a tumbling target . . 2004 . . Inte. Conf. on Intelligent Manipulation and Grasping . . 1 - - 6 . . . .

TJ Debus , , , SP Dougherty . . Overview and performance of the front-end robotics enabling near-term demonstration (FREND) robotic arm . . 2009 . . AIAA Infotech @Aerospace Conf. . . 1 - - 12 . . DOI: 10.2514/6.2009-1870 http://doi.org/10.2514/6.2009-1870 . .

DIN German standardization roadmap industry 4.0, Version 2 , , 2016 . . Available from: http://www.din.de/de http://www.din.de/de . .

Z Fang , , , SC Yang , , , S Jain , , , 等 . . Robust autonomous flight in constrained and visually degraded shipboard environments . . J. Field Robot. , , 2017 . . 34 ( ( 1 ): ): 25 - - 52 . . DOI: 10.1002/rob.21670 http://doi.org/10.1002/rob.21670 . .

WW Feng . . Intelligent remote control car Anki Drive , , 2013 . . Available from: http://www.leiphone.com/news/201406/anki-drive-open.html http://www.leiphone.com/news/201406/anki-drive-open.html . .

A Flores-Abad , , , O Ma , , , K Pham . . A review of robotics technologies for on-orbit services . . 2013 . . ADA576377, Defense Technical Information Center, Fort Belvoir . . . .

K Funahashi , , , Y Nakamura . . Approximation of dynamical systems by continuous time recurrent neural networks . . Neur. Netw. , , 1993 . . 6 ( ( 6 ): ): 801 - - 806 . . DOI: 10.1016/S0893-6080(05)80125-X http://doi.org/10.1016/S0893-6080(05)80125-X . .

R Girshick . . Fast R-CNN . . 2015 . . IEEE Int. Conf. on Computer Vision . . 1440 - - 1448 . . DOI: 10.1109/ICCV.2015.169 http://doi.org/10.1109/ICCV.2015.169 . .

R Girshick , , , J Donahue , , , T Darrell , , , 等 . . Rich feature hierarchies for accurate object detection and semantic segmentation . . 2014 . . IEEE Conf. on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition . . 580 - - 587 . . DOI: 10.1109/CVPR.2014.81 http://doi.org/10.1109/CVPR.2014.81 . .

A Graves , , , A Mohamed , , , GE Hinton . . Speech recognition with deep recurrent neural networks . . 2013 . . IEEE Int. Conf. on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing . . 6645 - - 6649 . . DOI: 10.1109/ICASSP.2013.6638947 http://doi.org/10.1109/ICASSP.2013.6638947 . .

E Guizzo . . How Google's self-driving car works . . 2011 . . IEEE Spectrum Online . . . .

SG Gupta , , , MM Ghonge , , , PM Jawandhiya . . Review of unmanned aircraft system (UAS) . . Int. J. Adv. Res. Comput. Eng. Technol. , , 2013 . . 2 1646 - - 1658 . . . .

S Harris . . Out of the Loop: the human free future of unmanned aerial vehicles . . 2012 . . Hoover Institution, Stanford University, USA . . . .

J Heinrich , , , D Silver . . Deep reinforcement learning from self-play in imperfect information games . . 2016 . . arXiv: 1603.01121 . . . .

G Hirzinger , , , B Brunner , , , J Dietrich , , , 等 . . ROTEX-the first remotely controlled robot in space . . 1994 . . IEEE Int. Conf. on Robotics and Automation . . 2604 - - 2611 . . DOI: 10.1109/ROBOT.1994.351121 http://doi.org/10.1109/ROBOT.1994.351121 . .

JM Hoc . . From human-machine interaction to human-machine cooperation . . Ergonomics , , 2000 . . 43 ( ( 7 ): ): 833 - - 843 . . DOI: 10.1080/001401300409044 http://doi.org/10.1080/001401300409044 . .

S Hochreiter , , , J Schmidhuber . . Long short-term memory . . Neur. Comput. , , 1997 . . 9 ( ( 8 ): ): 1735 - - 1780 . . DOI: 10.1162/neco.1997.9.8.1735 http://doi.org/10.1162/neco.1997.9.8.1735 . .

YB Hong , , , RC Sun , , , R Lin , , , 等 . . Mopping module design and experiments of a multifunction floor cleaning robot . . 2014 . . 11th World Congress on Intelligent Control and Automation . . 5097 - - 5102 . . DOI: 10.1109/WCICA.2014.7053581 http://doi.org/10.1109/WCICA.2014.7053581 . .

K Hsu , , , C Murray , , , J Cook , , , 等 . . China's military unmanned aerial vehicle industry . . 2013 . . US-China Economic and Security Review Commission, Washington D.C . . . .

MH Hu , , , JH Liu , , , DS Chen , , , 等 . . Multifunctional nursing bed with bed and chair integration-the dream of living in bed for the elderly . . Technol. Appl. Robot. , , 2013 . . ( ( 2 ): ): 42 - - 46 . . . .

PS Huang , , , XD He , , , JF Gao , , , 等 . . Learning deep structured semantic models for web search using clickthrough data . . 2013 . . Proc. 22nd ACM Int. Conf. on Information & Knowledge Management . . 2333 - - 2338 . . DOI: 10.1145/2505515.2505665 http://doi.org/10.1145/2505515.2505665 . .

WL Huang , , , D Wen , , , J Geng , , , 等 . . Task-specific performance evaluation of UGVs: case studies at the IVFC . . IEEE Trans. Intell. Transp. Syst. , , 2014 . . 15 ( ( 5 ): ): 1969 - - 1979 . . DOI: 10.1109/TITS.2014.2308540 http://doi.org/10.1109/TITS.2014.2308540 . .

Y Huang , , , J Wu , , , CM Liu , , , 等 . . Overview and key technologies of autonomous vehicles . . Ordn. Ind. Autom. , , 2010 . . 29 ( ( 11 ): ): 8 - - 13 . . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-1576.2010.11.004 http://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1006-1576.2010.11.004 . .

DH Hubel , , , TN Wiesel . . Receptive fields, binocular interaction and functional architecture in the cat's visual cortex . . J. Physiol. , , 1962 . . 160 ( ( 1 ): ): 106 - - 154 . . DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.1962.sp006837 http://doi.org/10.1113/jphysiol.1962.sp006837 . .

YQ Jia , , , E Shelhamer , , , J Donahue , , , 等 . . Caffe: convolutional architecture for fast feature embedding . . 2014 . . Proc. 22nd ACM Int. Conf. on Multimedia . . 675 - - 678 . . DOI: 10.1145/2647868.2654889 http://doi.org/10.1145/2647868.2654889 . .

I Kandaswamy , , , T Xia , , , P Kazanzides . . Strategies and models for cutting satellite insulation in telerobotic servicing missions . . 2014 . . IEEE Haptics Symp. . . 467 - - 472 . . DOI: 10.1109/HAPTICS.2014.6775500 http://doi.org/10.1109/HAPTICS.2014.6775500 . .

F Kendoul . . Survey of advances in guidance, navigation, and control of unmanned rotorcraft systems . . J. Field Robot. , , 2012 . . 29 ( ( 2 ): ): 315 - - 378 . . DOI: 10.1002/rob.20414 http://doi.org/10.1002/rob.20414 . .

A Krizhevsky , , , I Sutskever , , , GE Hinton . . ImageNet classification with deep convolutional neural networks . . 2012 . . Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems . . 1097 - - 1105 . . . .

TA Kuiken , , , GL Li , , , BA Lock , , , 等 . . Targeted muscle reinnervation for real-time myoelectric control of multifunction artificial arms . . JAMA , , 2009 . . 301 ( ( 6 ): ): 619 - - 628 . . DOI: 10.1001/jama.2009.116 http://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2009.116 . .

K Landzettel , , , C Preusche , , , A Albu-Schaffer , , , 等 . . Robotic on-orbit servicing-DLR's experience and perspective . . 2006 . . IEEE/RSJ Int. Conf. on Intelligent Robots and Systems . . 4587 - - 4594 . . DOI: 10.1109/IROS.2006.282164 http://doi.org/10.1109/IROS.2006.282164 . .

Y LeCun , , , Y Bengio . . Convolutional networks for images, speech, and time series. In: Arbib, M.A. (Ed.) The Handbook of Brain Theory and Neural Networks . . 1995 . . MIT Press, Cambridge . . 255 - - 258 . . . .

Y LeCun , , , Y Bengio , , , G Hinton . . Deep learning . . Nature , , 2015 . . 521 ( ( 7553 ): ): 436 - - 444 . . DOI: 10.1038/nature14539 http://doi.org/10.1038/nature14539 . .

TP Lillicrap , , , JJ Hunt , , , A Pritzel , , , 等 . . Continuous control with deep reinforcement learning . . 2015 . . arXiv:1509. 02971 . . . .

AM Long , , , MG Richards , , , DE Hasting . . On-orbit servicing: a new value proposition for satellite design and operation . . J. Spacecr. Rock. , , 2007 . . 44 ( ( 4 ): ): 964 - - 976 . . DOI: 10.2514/1.27117 http://doi.org/10.2514/1.27117 . .

Y Lu , , , KC Morris , , , S Frechette . . Current Standards Landscape for Smart Manufacturing Systems . . 2016 . . NISTIR 8107, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg . . DOI: 10.6028/NIST.IR.8107 http://doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8107 . .

MT Luong , , , H Pham , , , CD Manning . . Effective approaches to attention based neural machine translation . . 2015 . . arXiv:1508.04025 . . . .

L Ma , , , JR Xue , , , K Kawabata , , , 等 . . Efficient sampling-based motion planning for on-road autonomous driving . . IEEE Trans. Intell. Transp. Syst. , , 2015 . . 16 ( ( 4 ): ): 1 - - 16 . . DOI: 10.1109/TITS.2015.2389215 http://doi.org/10.1109/TITS.2015.2389215 . .

J Markoff . . Google cars drive themselves . . 2010 . . New York Times . . . .

RV Martinez , , , CR Fish , , , X Chen , , , 等 . . Elastomeric origami: programmable paper-elastomer composites as pneumatic actuators . . Adv. Funct. Mater. , , 2012 . . 22 ( ( 7 ): ): 1376 - - 1384 . . DOI: 10.1002/adfm.201102978 http://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.201102978 . .

N Masanori , , , H Chikara , , , I Yasuo , , , 等 . . Results of the manipulator flight demonstration (MFD) flight operation . . 1998 . . spaceOp98 . . 1 - - 7 . . . .

I Maza , , , K Kondak , , , M Bernard , , , 等 . . Multi-UAV cooperation and control for load transportation and deployment . . J. Intell. Robot. Syst. , , 2010 . . 57 417 - - 449 . . DOI: 10.1007/s10846-009-9352-8 http://doi.org/10.1007/s10846-009-9352-8 . .

L Merino , , , F Caballero , , , JR Martnez-de Dios , , , 等 . . A cooperative perception system for multiple UAVs: application to automatic detection of forest fires . . J. Field Robot. , , 2006 . . 23 ( ( 3-4 ): ): 165 - - 184 . . DOI: 10.1002/rob.20108 http://doi.org/10.1002/rob.20108 . .

T Mikolov , , , M Karafiát , , , L Burget , , , 等 . . Recurrent neural network based language model . . 2010 . . INTERSPEECH . . 1045 - - 1048 . . . .

Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of China (MIIT) , , , Standardization Administration of China (SAC) . . National Smart Manufacturing Standards Architecture Construction Guidance . . 2015 . . .

V Mnih , , , K Kavukcuoglu , , , D Silver , , , 等 . . Playing Atari with deep reinforcement learning . . 2013 . . arXiv:1312.5602 . . . .

V Mnih , , , N Heess , , , A Graves , , , 等 . . Recurrent models of visual attention . . 2014 . . Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems . . 2204 - - 2212 . . . .

M Montemerlo , , , J Becker , , , S Bhat , , , 等 . . Junior: the Stanford entry in the urban challenge . . J. Field Robotics , , 2008 . . 25 ( ( 9 ): ): 569 - - 597 . . DOI: 10.1002/rob.20258 http://doi.org/10.1002/rob.20258 . .

A Nagaty , , , S Saeedi , , , C Thibault , , , 等 . . Control and navigation framework for quadrotor helicopters . . J. Intell. Robot. Syst. , , 2013 . . 70 ( ( 1-4 ): ): 1 - - 12 . . DOI: 10.1007/s10846-012-9789-z http://doi.org/10.1007/s10846-012-9789-z . .

J Obermark , , , G Creamer , , , BE Kelm , , , 等 . . SUMO/ FREND: vision system for autonomous satellite grapple . . 2007 . . SPIE. 6555:65550Y . . DOI: 10.1117/12.720284 http://doi.org/10.1117/12.720284 . .

M Oda , , , N Inaba , , , Y Fukushima . . Space robot technology experiments on NASDA's ETS-Ⅶ satellite . . Adv. Robot. , , 1999 . . 13 ( ( 6-8 ): ): 335 - - 336 . . DOI: 10.1163/156855399X01585 http://doi.org/10.1163/156855399X01585 . .

Office of the Secretary of Defense (OSD) . . Unmanned aerial vehicles roadmap. 2002-2027 . . 2002 . . Department of Defense . . . .

Office of the Secretary of Defense (OSD) . . Unmanned aircraft systems roadmap. 2005-2030 . . 2005 . . Department of Defense . . . .

J Oh , , , V Chockalingam , , , S Singh , , , 等 . . Control of memory, active perception, and action in minecraft . . 2016 . . arXiv:1605.09128 . . . .

TJ O'Shea , , , TC Clancy . . Deep reinforcement learning radio control and signal detection with KeRLym, a Gym RL agent . . 2016 . . arXiv:1605.09221 . . . .

YH Pan . . Heading toward artificial intelligence 2.0 . . Engineering , , 2016 . . 2 ( ( 4 ): ): 409 - - 413 . . DOI: 10.1016/J.ENG.2016.04.018 http://doi.org/10.1016/J.ENG.2016.04.018 . .

C Preusche , , , D Reintsema , , , K Landzettel , , , 等 . . Robotics component verification on ISS ROKVISS -preliminary results for telepresence . . 2006 . . IEEE/RSJ Int. Conf. on Intelligent Robots and Systems . . 4595 - - 4601 . . DOI: 10.1109/IROS.2006.282165 http://doi.org/10.1109/IROS.2006.282165 . .

D Rathbun , , , S Kragelund , , , A Pongpunwattana , , , 等 . . An evolution based path planning algorithm for autonomous motion of a UAV through uncertain environments . . 2002 . . 21st Digital Avionics Systems Conf. . . 1 - - 12 . . DOI: 10.1109/DASC.2002.1052946 http://doi.org/10.1109/DASC.2002.1052946 . .

B Rebsamen , , , CT Guan , , , HH Zhang , , , 等 . . A brain controlled wheelchair to navigate in familiar environments . . IEEE Trans. Neur. Syst. Rehabil. Eng. , , 2010 . . 18 ( ( 6 ): ): 590 - - 598 . . DOI: 10.1109/TNSRE.2010.2049862 http://doi.org/10.1109/TNSRE.2010.2049862 . .

J Ren , , , XG Gao , , , JS Zheng , , , 等 . . Mission decision-making for UAV under dynamic environment . . Syst. Eng. Electron. , , 2010 . . 32 ( ( 1 ): ): 100 - - 103 . . . .

SQ Ren , , , KM He , , , R Girshick , , , 等 . . Faster R-CNN: towards real-time object detection with region proposal networks . . 2015 . . Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems . . 91 - - 99 . . . .

RA Rensink . . The dynamic representation of scenes . . Vis. Cogn. , , 2000 . . 7 ( ( 1-3 ): ): 17 - - 42 . . DOI: 10.1080/135062800394667 http://doi.org/10.1080/135062800394667 . .

H Sak , , , A Senior , , , F Beaufays . . Long short-term memory recurrent neural network architectures for large scale acoustic modeling . . 2014 . . INTERSPEECH . . 338 - - 342 . . . .

N Sato , , , Y Wakabayashi . . JEMRMS design features and topics from testing . . 2001 . . Proc. 6th Int. Symp. on Artificial Intelligence and Robotics & Automation in Space . . 1 - - 7 . . . .

E Settelmeyer , , , W Oesterlin , , , R Hartmann , , , 等 . . The Experimental Servicing Satellite-ESS . . 1997 . . Int. Symp. on Space Technology and Science . . 617 - - 621 . . . .

RF Shepherd , , , F Ilievski , , , W Choi , , , 等 . . Multigait soft robot . . PNAS , , 2011 . . 108 ( ( 51 ): ): 20400 - - 20403 . . DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1116564108 http://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1116564108 . .

H Shi , , , X Liu . . Assessment method for autonomous mobility of UGV in a typical battlefield environment . . Acta Armament. , , 2014 . . 35 ( ( S1 ): ): 17 - - 24 . . . .

K Simonyan , , , A Zisserman . . Very deep convolutional networks for large-scale image recognition . . 2014 . . arXiv:1409. 1556 . . . .

ME Stieber , , , M McKay , , , G Vukovich , , , 等 . . Vision-based sensing and control for space robotics applications . . IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. , , 1999 . . 48 ( ( 4 ): ): 807 - - 812 . . DOI: 10.1109/19.779178 http://doi.org/10.1109/19.779178 . .

BR Sullivan , , , DL Akin . . A survey of serviceable spacecraft failures . . 2001 . . AIAA Space Conf. and Exposition . . 1 - - 8 . . DOI: 10.2514/6.2001-4540 http://doi.org/10.2514/6.2001-4540 . .

I Sutskever , , , O Vinyals , , , QV Le . . Sequence to sequence learning with neural networks . . 2014 . . Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems . . 3104 - - 3112 . . . .

RS Sutton , , , AG Barto . . Reinforcement Learning: an Introduction. Volume 1. , , 1998 . . : Cambridge : MIT Press , , . .

C Szegedy , , , W Liu , , , YQ Jia , , , 等 . . Going deeper with convolutions . . 2015 . . Proc. IEEE Conf. on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition . . 1 - - 9 . . DOI: 10.1109/CVPR.2015.7298594 http://doi.org/10.1109/CVPR.2015.7298594 . .

LW Taylor , , , J Ramakrishnan . . Continuum modeling of the space shuttle remote manipulator system . . 1992 . . Proc. IEEE Conf. on Decision and Control . . 626 - - 631 . . DOI: 10.1109/CDC.1992.371660 http://doi.org/10.1109/CDC.1992.371660 . .

Theano Development Team . . Theano: a Python framework for fast computation of mathematical expressions . . 2016 . . arXiv:1605.02688 . . . .

J Tisdale , , , K Zuwhan , , , JK Hedrick . . Autonomous UAV path planning and estimation . . IEEE Robot. Autom. Mag. , , 2009 . . 16 ( ( 2 ): ): 35 - - 42 . . DOI: 10.1109/MRA.2009.932529 http://doi.org/10.1109/MRA.2009.932529 . .

C Urmson , , , J Anhalt , , , D Bagnell , , , 等 . . Autonomous driving in urban environments: boss and the urban challenge . . J. Field Robot. , , 2008 . . 25 ( ( 8 ): ): 425 - - 466 . . DOI: 10.1002/rob.20255 http://doi.org/10.1002/rob.20255 . .

KP Valavanis . . Introduction. In: Valavanis, K.P. (Ed.), Advances in Unmanned Aerial Vehicles . . Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht , , 2007 . . 3 - - 13 . . DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4020-6114-1 http://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-6114-1 . .

KP Valavanis , , , GJ Vachtsevanos . . Handbook of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles . . 2014 . . Springer Publishing Company . . DOI: 10.1007/978-90-481-9707-1 http://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-9707-1 . .

H van Hasselt , , , A Guez , , , D Silver . . Deep reinforcement learning with double q-learning . . 2015 . . arXiv:1509.06461 . . . .

O Vinyals , , , A Toshev , , , S Bengio , , , 等 . . Show and tell: a neural image caption generator . . 2015 . . Proc. IEEE Conf. on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition . . 3156 - - 3164 . . DOI: 10.1109/CVPR.2015.7298935 http://doi.org/10.1109/CVPR.2015.7298935 . .

FZ Wang . . Google released the product of smart home: Google Home , , 2016 . . Available from: http://tech.163.com/16/0519/01/BND3AHMH000915BD.html http://tech.163.com/16/0519/01/BND3AHMH000915BD.html . .

XH Wang , , , V Yadav , , , SN Balakrishnan . . Cooperative UAV formation flying with obstacle collision avoidance . . IEEE Trans. Contr. Syst. Technol. , , 2007 . . 15 ( ( 4 ): ): 672 - - 679 . . DOI: 10.1109/TCST.2007.899191 http://doi.org/10.1109/TCST.2007.899191 . .

Wikipedia . . Unmanned aerial vehicle , , 2016a . . Available from: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unmanned_aerial_vehicle https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unmanned_aerial_vehicle . .

Wikipedia . . Unmanned combat aerial vehicle , , 2016b . . Available from: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unmanned_combat_aerial_vehicle https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unmanned_combat_aerial_vehicle . .

Wikipedia . . Human-in-the-loop , , 2016c . . Available from: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human-in-the-loop https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human-in-the-loop . .

K Xu , , , J Ba , , , R Kiros , , , 等 . . Show, attend and tell: Neural image caption generation with visual attention . . 2015 . . arXiv:1502.03044 . . . .

M Yim , , , WM Shen , , , B Salemi , , , 等 . . Modular self-reconfigurable robot systems . . IEEE Robot. Autom. Mag. , , 2007 . . 14 ( ( 1 ): ): 43 - - 52 . . DOI: 10.1109/MRA.2007.339623 http://doi.org/10.1109/MRA.2007.339623 . .

DD Zhang . . America upgraded the death UAV to increase the life time and strengthen operational capability , , 2016 . . Available from: http://www.hdzc.net/html/news/gj/2016_06/16/16175622.html http://www.hdzc.net/html/news/gj/2016_06/16/16175622.html . .

P Zhao , , , JJ Chen , , , Y Song , , , 等 . . Design of a control system for an autonomous vehicle based on adaptive-PID . . Int. J. Adv. Robot. Syst. , , 2012 . . 9 ( ( 2 ): ): 559 - - 568 . . DOI: 10.5772/51314 http://doi.org/10.5772/51314 . .

D Zimpfer , , , P Spehar . . STS-71 Shuttle/Mir GNC mission overview . . Adv. Astronaut. Sci. , , 1996 . . 93 441 - - 460 . . . .

浏览量

290

Downloads

CSCD

文章被引用时，请邮件提醒。

Submit

工具集

关联资源

Visual knowledge in the big model era: retrospect and prospect

Quant 4.0: engineering quantitative investment with automated, explainable, and knowledge-driven artificial intelligence

Accurate estimation of 6-DoF tooth pose in 3D intraoral scans for dental applications using deep learning

Parallel cognition: hybrid intelligence for human-machine interaction and management

Smart grid dispatch powered by deep learning: a survey