Power amplifier linearization architecture with complementary filtering for broadband signal transmission

Huihui FEI; Yucheng YU; Peng CHEN; Chao YU

doi:10.1631/ENG.ITEE.2026.0058

Your Location：

Home >

Browse articles >

Power amplifier linearization architecture with complementary filtering for broadband signal transmission

Regular Papers | Updated：2026-08-28

- Power amplifier linearization architecture with complementary filtering for broadband signal transmission
- 面向宽带信号传输的互补滤波功率放大器线性化架构
- ENGINEERING Information Technology & Electronic Engineering Vol. 27, Issue 8, Pages: 1-11(2026)
- Affiliations：
  
  State Key Laboratory of Millimeter Waves, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
  Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong 999077, China
  Purple Mountain Laboratories, Nanjing 211111, China
- Author bio：
  
  ✉ Chao YU, chao.yu@seu.edu.cn
- Funds：
- DOI：10.1631/ENG.ITEE.2026.0058
  CLC： TN722.75
- Received：03 March 2026，
  
  Revised：2026-06-02，
  
  Published：01 August 2026
- Accepted：
Scan QR Code
Huihui FEI, Yucheng YU, Peng CHEN, et al. Power amplifier linearization architecture with complementary filtering for broadband signal transmission[J]. ENGINEERING Information Technology & Electronic Engineering, 2026, 27(8): 1-11.
DOI：

Huihui FEI, Yucheng YU, Peng CHEN, et al. Power amplifier linearization architecture with complementary filtering for broadband signal transmission[J]. ENGINEERING Information Technology & Electronic Engineering, 2026, 27(8): 1-11. DOI： 10.1631/ENG.ITEE.2026.0058.

摘要

为实现高线性宽带信号传输，提出一种互补滤波功率放大器（PA）线性化架构。该架构充分利用模拟和数字滤波技术的优势，在保证紧凑尺寸的同时实现高谐波抑制，并显著降低数字资源消耗。通过集成一个具有宽阻带的小型化三模带通滤波器，能够有效抑制PA输出的谐波分量。同时，引入数字滤波来消除模拟滤波器无法完全抑制的互调失真，从而构建互补滤波数字预失真（CF-DPD）。由于该CF-DPD仅需处理模拟滤波后的残留失真，因此降低了系统对采样率的要求。实验结果表明，所提出的采用集成反馈端口的滤波功率放大器可实现38.7–40.5 dBm的输出功率，8.4–11.9 dB的增益，以及42.6%–52.1%的峰值功率附加效率。该原型尺寸为67 mm×

32 mm（1.1

×0.5

），具有良好的紧凑性。此外，在传输400 MHz 5G新无线电信号时，系统在每秒850兆个样本的低采样率下，实现了−32.2 dB的归一化均方误差和−45.1/−47.2 dBc的邻道泄漏比。

Abstract

This paper proposes a power amplifier (PA) linearization architecture with complementary filtering to realize high-linearity broadband signal transmission. The architecture fully leverages the advantages of analog and digital filtering techniques

ensuring high harmonic suppression within a compact size and reducing the demand for digital resources. A miniaturized triple-mode bandpass filter (BPF) with a wide stopband is integrated

which effectively suppresses the harmonic components of the PA output. Meanwhile

digital filtering is employed to mitigate intermodulation distortion (IMD) that cannot be effectively suppressed by the integrated analog filter

thus forming a complementary filtering digital predistortion (CF-DPD). As the CF-DPD herein focuses only on addressing the residual distortion left by analog filtering

it naturally reduces the system’s sampling rate requirements. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed filtering power amplifier with integrated feedback port (FPA-FB) delivers 38.7–40.5 dBm output power

8.4–11.9 dB gain

and a peak power-added efficiency (PAE) of 42.6%–52.1%. The prototype occupies an overall size of 67 mm×32 mm

corresponding to 1.1

×0.5

indicating a compact implementation. Moreover

when transmitting a 400-MHz 5G new radio (NR) signal

the system achieves a normalized mean square error (NMSE) of -32.2 dB and an adjacent channel leakage ratio (ACLR) of -45.1/-47.2 dBc at a reduced sampling rate of 850 mega samples per second (MSPS).

关键词

Keywords

references

3GPP , 2024a . NR; NR and NG-RAN Overall Description; Stage 2. 3GPP TS 38.300 Version 16.17.0 .

3GPP , 2024b . NR; User Equipment (UE) Radio Transmission and Reception; Part 1: Range 1 Standalone. 3GPP TS 38.101-1 Version 17.12.0 .

Chen KL , Liu XG , Chappell WJ , et al. , 2011 . Co-design of power amplifier and narrowband filter using high-Q evanescent-mode cavity resonator as the output matching network . IEEE MTT-S Int Microwave Symp , p. 1 - 4 . https://doi.org/10.1109/MWSYM.2011.5972854 https://doi.org/10.1109/MWSYM.2011.5972854

Chen KL , Lee J , Chappell WJ , et al. , 2013a . Co-design of highly efficient power amplifier and high-Q output bandpass filter . IEEE Trans Microw Theory Techn , 61 ( 11 ): 3940 - 3950 . https://doi.org/10.1109/TMTT.2013.2284485 https://doi.org/10.1109/TMTT.2013.2284485

Chen KL , Lee TC , Peroulis D , 2013b . Co-design of multi-band high-efficiency power amplifier and three-pole high-Q tunable filter . IEEE Microw Wirel Compon Lett , 23 ( 12 ): 647 - 649 . https://doi.org/10.1109/LMWC.2013.2283876 https://doi.org/10.1109/LMWC.2013.2283876

Chen SZ , Kang SL , 2018 . A tutorial on 5G and the progress in China . Front Inform Technol Electron Eng , 19 ( 3 ): 309 - 321 . https://doi.org/10.1631/FITEE.1800070 https://doi.org/10.1631/FITEE.1800070

Estrada JA , Montejo-Garai JR , de Paco P , et al. , 2021 . Power amplifiers with frequency-selective matching networks . IEEE Trans Microw Theory Techn , 69 ( 1 ): 697 - 708 . https://doi.org/10.1109/TMTT.2020.3020097 https://doi.org/10.1109/TMTT.2020.3020097

Fei HH , Wang YY , Zhang Q , et al. , 2021 . Miniaturized single-/dual-band bandpass filters based on grounded square patch resonator with controllable passbands . Microw Opt Technol Lett , 63 ( 6 ): 1688 - 1692 . https://doi.org/10.1002/mop.32793 https://doi.org/10.1002/mop.32793

Gao Y , Zhang F , Qiao YY , et al. , 2021 . A microstrip filter direct-coupled amplifier based on active coupling matrix synthesis . Front Inform Technol Electron Eng , 22 ( 9 ): 1260 - 1269 . https://doi.org/10.1631/FITEE.2000292 https://doi.org/10.1631/FITEE.2000292

Hong JS , Li S , 2004 . Theory and experiment of dual-mode microstrip triangular patch resonators and filters . IEEE Trans Microw Theory Techn , 52 ( 4 ): 1237 - 1243 . https://doi.org/10.1109/TMTT.2004.825653 https://doi.org/10.1109/TMTT.2004.825653

Joshi H , Sigmarsson HH , Peroulis D , et al. , 2007 . Highly loaded evanescent cavities for widely tunable high-Q filters . IEEE/MTT-S Int Microwave Symp , p. 2133 - 2136 . https://doi.org/10.1109/MWSYM.2007.380346 https://doi.org/10.1109/MWSYM.2007.380346

Katz A , Wood J , Chokola D , 2016 . The evolution of PA linearization: from classic feedforward and feedback through analog and digital predistortion . IEEE Microw Mag , 17 ( 2 ): 32 - 40 . https://doi.org/10.1109/MMM.2015.2498079 https://doi.org/10.1109/MMM.2015.2498079

Li YC , Wu KC , Xue Q , 2013 . Power amplifier integrated with bandpass filter for long term evolution application . IEEE Microw Wirel Compon Lett , 23 ( 8 ): 424 - 426 . https://doi.org/10.1109/LMWC.2013.2268457 https://doi.org/10.1109/LMWC.2013.2268457

Li YC , Chen QC , Xue Q , et al. , 2019 . Filtering power amplifier with wide bandwidth using discriminating coupling . IEEE Trans Circ Syst I Regul Pap , 66 ( 10 ): 3822 - 3830 . https://doi.org/10.1109/TCSI.2019.2913025 https://doi.org/10.1109/TCSI.2019.2913025

Liang D , Zhang H , Wang YT , et al. , 2025 . Design of oscillator-based reconfigurable modulator with high-Q FBAR resonators supporting fast OOK/BFSK/BPSK modulation . IEEE Trans Circ Syst I Regul Pap , 72 ( 6 ): 2543 - 2555 . https://doi.org/10.1109/TCSI.2025.3559727 https://doi.org/10.1109/TCSI.2025.3559727

Liu X , Lv GS , Wang DH , et al. , 2020 . Energy-efficient power amplifiers and linearization techniques for massive MIMO transmitters: a review . Front Inform Technol Electron Eng , 21 ( 1 ): 72 - 96 . https://doi.org/10.1631/FITEE.1900467 https://doi.org/10.1631/FITEE.1900467

Menendez S , de Paco P , Villarino R , et al. , 2006 . Closed-form expressions for the design of ladder-type FBAR filters . IEEE Microw Wirel Compon Lett , 16 ( 12 ): 657 - 659 . https://doi.org/10.1109/LMWC.2006.885610 https://doi.org/10.1109/LMWC.2006.885610

Morgan DR , Ma Z , Kim J , et al. , 2006 . A generalized memory polynomial model for digital predistortion of RF power amplifiers . IEEE Trans Signal Process , 54 ( 10 ): 3852 - 3860 . https://doi.org/10.1109/TSP.2006.879264 https://doi.org/10.1109/TSP.2006.879264

Nam S , Koohi MZ , Peng WH , et al. , 2021 . A switchless quad band filter bank based on ferroelectric BST FBARs . IEEE Microw Wirel Compon Lett , 31 ( 6 ): 662 - 665 . https://doi.org/10.1109/LMWC.2021.3069880 https://doi.org/10.1109/LMWC.2021.3069880

Othmani M , Boulejfen N , Turunen M , et al. , 2023 . Parallel delta-sigma modulator-based digital predistortion of wideband RF power amplifiers . IEEE Trans Circ Syst I Regul Pap , 70 ( 2 ): 705 - 718 . https://doi.org/10.1109/TCSI.2022.3218295 https://doi.org/10.1109/TCSI.2022.3218295

Park SJ , Reines I , Rebeiz G , 2009 . High-Q RF-MEMS tunable evanescent-mode cavity filter . IEEE MTT-S Int Microwave Symp Digest , p. 1145 - 1148 . https://doi.org/10.1109/MWSYM.2009.5165904 https://doi.org/10.1109/MWSYM.2009.5165904

Pedro JC , Maas SA , 2005 . A comparative overview of microwave and wireless power-amplifier behavioral modeling approaches . IEEE Trans Microw Theory Techn , 53 ( 4 ): 1150 - 1163 . https://doi.org/10.1109/TMTT.2005.845723 https://doi.org/10.1109/TMTT.2005.845723

Ruppel CCW , 2017 . Acoustic wave filter technology—a review . IEEE Trans Ultrason Ferroelectr Freq Contr , 64 ( 9 ): 1390 - 1400 . https://doi.org/10.1109/TUFFC.2017.2690905 https://doi.org/10.1109/TUFFC.2017.2690905

Ruppel CCW , Reindl L , Weigel R , 2002 . SAW devices and their wireless communications applications . IEEE Microw Mag , 3 ( 2 ): 65 - 71 . https://doi.org/10.1109/MMW.2002.1004053 https://doi.org/10.1109/MMW.2002.1004053

Tehrani AS , Cao HY , Afsardoost S , et al. , 2010 . A comparative analysis of the complexity/accuracy tradeoff in power amplifier behavioral models . IEEE Trans Microw Theory Techn , 58 ( 6 ): 1510 - 1520 . https://doi.org/10.1109/TMTT.2010.2047920 https://doi.org/10.1109/TMTT.2010.2047920

Tripathi VK , 1975 . Asymmetric coupled transmission lines in an inhomogeneous medium . IEEE Trans Microw Theory Techn , 23 ( 9 ): 734 - 739 . https://doi.org/10.1109/TMTT.1975.1128665 https://doi.org/10.1109/TMTT.1975.1128665

Tripathi VK , Chin YK , 1982 . Analysis of the general nonsymmetrical directional coupler with arbitrary terminations . IEE Proc H (Microw Opt Antenn) , 129 ( 6 ): 360 - 362 . https://doi.org/10.1049/ip-h-1.1982.0072 https://doi.org/10.1049/ip-h-1.1982.0072

Wood J , 2017 . System-level design considerations for digital pre-distortion of wireless base station transmitters . IEEE Trans Microw Theory Techn , 65 ( 5 ): 1880 - 1890 . https://doi.org/10.1109/TMTT.2017.2659738 https://doi.org/10.1109/TMTT.2017.2659738

Yu C , Guan L , Zhu EN , et al. , 2012 . Band-limited Volterra series-based digital predistortion for wideband RF power amplifiers . IEEE Trans Microw Theory Techn , 60 ( 12 ): 4198 - 4208 . https://doi.org/10.1109/TMTT.2012.2222658 https://doi.org/10.1109/TMTT.2012.2222658

Zhu AD , 2015 . Decomposed vector rotation-based behavioral modeling for digital predistortion of RF power amplifiers . IEEE Trans Microw Theory Techn , 63 ( 2 ): 737 - 744 . https://doi.org/10.1109/TMTT.2014.2387853 https://doi.org/10.1109/TMTT.2014.2387853

Zhu XE , Lee V , Phillips J , et al. , 2009 . An intrinsically switchable FBAR filter based on barium titanate thin films . IEEE Microw Wirel Compon Lett , 19 ( 6 ): 359 - 361 . https://doi.org/10.1109/LMWC.2009.2020013 https://doi.org/10.1109/LMWC.2009.2020013

Views

Downloads

CSCD

Alert me when the article has been cited

Submit

Tools

Publicity Resources

An adaptive meta-reinforcement learning scheme for maritime dynamic spectrum access and service scheduling

High-throughput estimation of aboveground peanut biomass with optimized spectral–textural features from unmanned aerial vehicle multispectral imagery

Representation levels and objective consistency of network traffic generation: a survey

A framework to integrate deep learning and an ethnicity-specific reference data set for reliable dental age estimation from digital panoramic radiographs

A polarization-switchable metasurface antenna for communication and meteorological radar systems

Related Author

No data

Related Institution

No data

Map

Chat

Address：Zhejiang University Press, 148 Tianmushan Road, Hangzhou, China Postal code：310028
Tel：+86-571-88273162 Email：fitee@zju.edu.cn
It is recommended to read the content of this site in Chrome&IE9+. Please switch to extreme mode in browser 360.
Cookies We use cookies to help provide and enhance our service and tailor content. By continuing, you agree to the use of cookies.

⁰