A block-based secure and robust watermarking scheme for color images based on multi-resolution decomposition and de-correlation

Muhammad IMRAN; Bruce A. HARVEY; Muhammad ATIF; Adnan Ali MEMON

doi:10.1631/FITEE.1700667

Your Location：

Home >

Browse articles >

A block-based secure and robust watermarking scheme for color images based on multi-resolution decomposition and de-correlation

Regular Papers | Updated：2022-05-19

- A block-based secure and robust watermarking scheme for color images based on multi-resolution decomposition and de-correlation
- 一种基于多分辨率分解和去相关的模块化安全性与鲁棒性彩色图像水印方案
- Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering Vol. 20, Issue 7, Pages: 946-963(2019)
- Affiliations：
  
  Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Florida State University, Tallahassee 32306, USA
  Faculty of Information and Communication Technology, Balochistan University of Information Technology, Engineering and Management Sciences, Quetta 87100, Pakistan
- Author bio：
  
  Muhammad IMRAN, E-mail: mi14@my.fsu.edu
  [ "Bruce A. HARVEY, E-mail:bharvey@fsu.edu" ]
  [ "Muhammad ATIF, E-mail: mohammad.atif@buitms.edu.pk" ]
  [ "Adnan Ali MEMON, E-mail: adnan.ali@buitms.edu.pk" ]
- Funds：
- DOI：10.1631/FITEE.1700667
  CLC： TP391.4
- Received：12 October 2017，
  
  Revised：2019-;7-;3，
  
  Published：2019-07
- Accepted：
Scan QR Code
Muhammad IMRAN, Bruce A. HARVEY, Muhammad ATIF, et al. A block-based secure and robust watermarking scheme for color images based on multi-resolution decomposition and de-correlation[J]. Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering, 2019, 20(7): 946-963.
DOI：

Muhammad IMRAN, Bruce A. HARVEY, Muhammad ATIF, et al. A block-based secure and robust watermarking scheme for color images based on multi-resolution decomposition and de-correlation[J]. Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering, 2019, 20(7): 946-963. DOI： 10.1631/FITEE.1700667.

摘要

提出一种基于多分辨率分解和去相关的模块化安全性与鲁棒性彩色图像水印方案。该方案主要目标是同时满足良好水印的4个要求（鲁棒性、安全性、不可察觉性和容量）。本研究的贡献在于实现一个基本满足这4个矛盾需求的水印方案。为此，结合不同方法以实现这个目的。例如，为获得不可察觉性，通过主成分分析去相关3个颜色（红绿蓝）通道，并选择第一个主成分（去相关红色通道）嵌入水印。为取得鲁棒性，采用离散小波变换（DWT）分解去相关信道，将近似带（其余3个带保持不变以保留边缘信息）进一步分解为不同区块。根据随机生成键选择随机区块。随机选取的区块进一步被分解为奇异值和向量。基于奇异值和向量矩阵的相互依赖性，并依据水印位，对数值进行修改，并保存这些数值的位置，将数值位置作为提取水印所需的另一个密钥。两级认证级别确保了安全性，同时使用奇异值和向量可提高该方案的容量。此外，在水印嵌入过程中，左右奇异向量与奇异值的结合增强了该方案的鲁棒性。最后，使用Gonzalez和Kodak数据集，从不可察觉性（峰值信噪比和结构相似性指数）、安全性（带多个伪密钥）、鲁棒性（归一化相关和误码率）和容量方面将该方案与已有方案作比。结果显示本文方案与现有方案相比有明显改进。

Abstract

This paper presents a block-based secure and robust watermarking technique for color images based on multi-resolution decomposition and de-correlation. The principal objective of the presented scheme is to simultaneously meet all the four requirements (robustness

security

imperceptibility

and capacity) of a good watermarking scheme. The contribution of this study is to basically achieve the four contradictory requirements that a good watermarking scheme must meet. To do so

different approaches are combined in a way that the four requirements are achieved. For instance

to obtain imperceptibility

the three color channels (red

green

and blue) are de-correlated using principal component analysis

and the first principal component (de-correlated red channel) is chosen for watermark embedding. Afterwards

to achieve robustness

the de-correlated channel is decomposed using a discrete wavelet transform (DWT)

and the approximate band (the other three bands are kept intact to preserve the edge information) is further decomposed into distinct blocks. The random blocks are chosen based on a random generated key. The random selected blocks are further broken down into singular values and vectors. Based on the mutual dependency on singular values and vectors' matrices

the values are modified depending on the watermarking bits

and their locations are saved and used as another key

required when the watermark is to be extracted. Consequently

two-level authentication levels ensure the security

and using both singular values and vectors increases the capacity of the presented scheme. Moreover

the involvement of both left and right singular vectors along with singular values in the watermarking embedding process strengthens the robustness of the proposed scheme. Finally

to compare the presented scheme with the state-of-the-art schemes in terms of imperceptibility (peak signal-to-noise ratio and structural similarity index)

security (with numerous fake keys)

robustness (normalized correlation and bit error rate)

and capacity

the Gonzalez and Kodak datasets are used. The comparison shows significant improvement of the proposed scheme over existing schemes.

关键词

Keywords

references

M Ali , , , WC Ahn . . An optimized watermarking technique based on self-adaptive DE in DWT-SVD transform domain . . Signal Process , , 2014 . . 94 545 - - 556 . . DOI: 10.1016/j.sigpro.2013.07.024 http://doi.org/10.1016/j.sigpro.2013.07.024 . .

M Amini , , , MO Ahmad , , , MNS Swamy . . A new locally optimum watermark detection using vector-based hidden Markov model in wavelet domain . . Signal Process , , 2017a . . 137 213 - - 222 . . DOI: 10.1016/j.sigpro.2017.01.019 http://doi.org/10.1016/j.sigpro.2017.01.019 . .

M Amini , , , H Sadreazami , , , MO Ahmad , , , 等 . . A hidden Markov model-based blind detector for multiplicative watermarking . . 6 0th Int Midwest Symp on Circuits and Systems , , 2017b . . p.176 - - 179 . . DOI: 10.1109/MWSCAS.2017.8052997 http://doi.org/10.1109/MWSCAS.2017.8052997 . .

M Amini , , , H Sadreazami , , , MO Ahmad , , , 等 . . Multichannel color image watermark detection utilizing vector-based hidden Markov model . . Int Symp on Circuits and Systems , , 2017c . . p.1 - - 4 . . DOI: 10.1109/ISCAS.2017.8050596 http://doi.org/10.1109/ISCAS.2017.8050596 . .

M Barni , , , F Bartolini , , , A Piva . . Improved wavelet-based watermarking through pixel-wise masking . . IEEE Trans Image Process , , 2001 . . 10 ( ( 5 ): ): 783 - - 791 . . DOI: 10.1109/83.918570 http://doi.org/10.1109/83.918570 . .

SK Bhagyashri , , , MY Joshi . . All frequency band DWTSVD robust watermarking technique for color images in YUV color space . . IEEE Int Conf on Computer Science and Automation Engineering , , 2011 . . p.295 - - 299 . . DOI: 10.1109/CSAE.2011.5952684 http://doi.org/10.1109/CSAE.2011.5952684 . .

SC Chang , , , JJ Shen . . Features classification forest: a novel development that is adaptable to robust blind watermarking techniques . . IEEE Trans Image Process , , 2017 . . 26 ( ( 8 ): ): 3921 - - 3935 . . DOI: 10.1109/TIP.2017.2706502 http://doi.org/10.1109/TIP.2017.2706502 . .

B Chen , , , G Coatrieux , , , G Chen , , , 等 . . Full 4-D quaternion discrete Fourier transform based watermarking for color images . . Dig Signal Process , , 2014 . . 28 106 - - 119 . . DOI: 10.1016/J.DSP.2014.02.010 http://doi.org/10.1016/J.DSP.2014.02.010 . .

HC Chou , , , CK Liu . . A perceptually tuned watermarking scheme for color images . . IEEE Trans Image Process , , 2010 . . 19 ( ( 11 ): ): 2966 - - 2982 . . DOI: 10.1109/TIP.2010.2052261 http://doi.org/10.1109/TIP.2010.2052261 . .

VN Dharwadkar , , , BB Amberker , , , A Gorai . . Non-blind watermarking scheme for color images in RGB space using DWT-SVD . . Int Conf on Communications and Signal Processing , , 2011 . . p.489 - - 493 . . DOI: 10.1109/ICCSP.2011.5739368 http://doi.org/10.1109/ICCSP.2011.5739368 . .

SM Drew , , , S Bergner . . Spatio-chromatic decorrelation for color image compression . . Signal Process Image Commun , , 2008 . . 23 ( ( 8 ): ): 599 - - 609 . . DOI: 10.1016/J.IMAGE.2008.05.006 http://doi.org/10.1016/J.IMAGE.2008.05.006 . .

S Fazli , , , M Moeini . . A robust image watermarking method based on DWT, DCT, and SVD using a new technique for correction of main geometric attacks . . Optik , , 2016 . . 127 ( ( 2 ): ): 964 - - 972 . . DOI: 10.1016/J.IJLEO.2015.09.205 http://doi.org/10.1016/J.IJLEO.2015.09.205 . .

RC Gonzalez , , , RE Woods . . Wavelet and multiresolution processing. In: Gonzalez RC, Woods RE (Eds.) . . Digital Image Processing. Prentice Hall, USA , , 2008 . . .

BL Gunjal , , , NS Mali . . Comparative performance analysis of DWT-SVD based color image watermarking technique in YUV, RGB and YIQ color spaces . . Int J Comput Theory Eng , , 2011 . . 3 ( ( 6 ): ): 714 - - 717 . . DOI: 10.7763/IJCTE.2011.V3.397 http://doi.org/10.7763/IJCTE.2011.V3.397 . .

S Han , , , J Yang , , , R Wang , , , 等 . . A novel color image watermarking algorithm based on QWT and DCT . . Chinese Conf on Computer Vision , , 2017 . . p.428 - - 438 . . DOI: 10.1007/978-981-10-7299-4_35 http://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-7299-4_35 . .

MC Hernandez , , , MN Miyatake , , , HMP Meana . . Analysis of a DFT-based watermarking algorithm . . 2 nd Int Conf on Electrical and Electronics Engineering , , 2005 . . p.44 - - 47 . . DOI: 10.1109/ICEEE.2005.1529569 http://doi.org/10.1109/ICEEE.2005.1529569 . .

NK Kalantari , , , SM Ahadi , , , M Vfadust . . A robust image watermarking in the ridgelet domain using universally optimum decoder . . IEEE Trans Circ Syst Video Technol , , 2010 . . 20 ( ( 3 ): ): 396 - - 406 . . DOI: 10.1109/TCSVT.2009.2035842 http://doi.org/10.1109/TCSVT.2009.2035842 . .

Kodak . . University of Sheffield Library , , 2013 . . http://www.r0k.us/graphics/kodak http://www.r0k.us/graphics/kodak , , [Accessed on Dec. 15, 2017] . .

CC Lai . . A digital watermarking scheme based on singular value decomposition and tiny genetic algorithm . . Dig Signal Process , , 2011a . . 21 ( ( 4 ): ): 522 - - 527 . . DOI: 10.1016/J.DSP.2011.01.017 http://doi.org/10.1016/J.DSP.2011.01.017 . .

CC Lai . . An improved SVD-based watermarking scheme using human visual characteristics . . Opt Commun , , 2011b . . 284 ( ( 4 ): ): 938 - - 944 . . DOI: 10.1016/J.OPTCOM.2010.10.047 http://doi.org/10.1016/J.OPTCOM.2010.10.047 . .

CC Lai , , , CC Tsai . . Digital image watermarking using discrete wavelet transform and singular value decomposition . . IEEE Trans Instrum Meas , , 2010 . . 59 ( ( 11 ): ): 3060 - - 3063 . . DOI: 10.1109/TIM.2010.2066770 http://doi.org/10.1109/TIM.2010.2066770 . .

SD Lina , , , SC Shieb , , , JY Guoa . . Improving the robustness of DCT-based image watermarking against JPEG compression . . Comput Stand Interf , , 2010 . . 32 ( ( 1-2 ): ): 54 - - 60 . . DOI: 10.1016/J.CSI.2009.06.004 http://doi.org/10.1016/J.CSI.2009.06.004 . .

R Liu , , , T Tan . . An SVD based watermarking scheme for protecting rightful ownership . . IEEE Trans Multim , , 2002 . . 4 ( ( 1 ): ): 121 - - 128 . . DOI: 10.1109/6046.985560 http://doi.org/10.1109/6046.985560 . .

K Loukhaoukha . . Comments on "A digital watermarking scheme based on singular value decomposition and tiny genetic algorithm" . . Dig Signal Process , , 2013 . . 23 ( ( 4 ): ): 1334 DOI: 10.1016/J.DSP.2013.02.006 http://doi.org/10.1016/J.DSP.2013.02.006 . .

L Luo , , , Z Chen , , , M Chen , , , 等 . . Reversible image watermarking using interpolation technique . . IEEE Trans Inform Forens Secur , , 2010 . . 5 ( ( 1 ): ): 187 - - 193 . . DOI: 10.1109/TIFS.2009.2035975 http://doi.org/10.1109/TIFS.2009.2035975 . .

NM Makbool , , , BE Khoo . . A new robust and secure digital image watermarking scheme based on the integer wavelet transform and singular value decomposition . . Dig Signal Process , , 2014 . . 33 134 - - 147 . . DOI: 10.1016/J.DSP.2014.06.012 http://doi.org/10.1016/J.DSP.2014.06.012 . .

L Meylan , , , S Susstrunk . . High dynamic range image rendering with a retinex-based adaptive filter . . IEEE Trans Image Process , , 2006 . . 15 ( ( 9 ): ): 2820 - - 2830 . . DOI: 10.1109/TIP.2006.877312 http://doi.org/10.1109/TIP.2006.877312 . .

SP Mohanty , , , N Ranganathan , , , K Balakrishnan . . A dual voltage-frequency VLSI chip for image watermarking in DCT domain . . IEEE Trans Circ Syst , , 2006 . . 53 ( ( 5 ): ): 394 - - 398 . . DOI: 10.1109/TCSII.2006.870216 http://doi.org/10.1109/TCSII.2006.870216 . .

M Mudrová , , , A Procházka . . Principal component analysis in image processing . . MATLAB Technical Computing Conf , , 2005 . . p.1 - - 4 . . . .

I Prathap , , , V Natarajan , , , R Anitha . . Hybrid robust watermarking for color images . . Comput Electr Eng , , 2014 . . 40 ( ( 3 ): ): 920 - - 930 . . DOI: 10.1016/j.compeleceng.2014.01.006 http://doi.org/10.1016/j.compeleceng.2014.01.006 . .

S Ranjbara , , , F Zargarib , , , M Ghanbaric . . A highly robust two-stage Countourlet-based digital image watermarking method . . Signal Process Image Commun , , 2013 . . 28 ( ( 10 ): ): 1526 - - 1536 . . DOI: 10.1016/J.IMAGE.2013.07.002 http://doi.org/10.1016/J.IMAGE.2013.07.002 . .

A Roy , , , AK Maiti , , , K Ghosh . . A perception based color image adaptive watermarking scheme in YCbCr space . . Int Conf on Signal Processing and Integrated Networks , , 2015 . . p.537 - - 543 . . DOI: 10.1109/spin.2015.7095399 http://doi.org/10.1109/spin.2015.7095399 . .

R Rykaczewski . . Comments on "An SVD based watermarking scheme for protecting rightful ownership" . . IEEE Trans Multim , , 2007 . . 9 ( ( 2 ): ): 421 - - 423 . . DOI: 10.1109/TMM.2006.886297 http://doi.org/10.1109/TMM.2006.886297 . .

H Sadreazami , , , M Amini . . A robust spread spectrum based image watermarking in ridgelet domain . . AEU Int J Electron Commun , , 2012 . . 66 ( ( 5 ): ): 364 - - 371 . . DOI: 10.1016/j.aeue.2011.09.001 http://doi.org/10.1016/j.aeue.2011.09.001 . .

H Sadreazami , , , MO Ahmad , , , MNS Swamy . . A robust multiplicative watermark detector for color images in sparse domain . . IEEE Trans Circ Syst , , 2015 . . 62 ( ( 12 ): ): 1159 - - 1163 . . DOI: 10.1109/TCSII.2015.2468995 http://doi.org/10.1109/TCSII.2015.2468995 . .

V Santhi , , , A Thangavelu . . DWT-SVD combined full band robust watermarking technique for color images in YUV color space . . Int J Comput Theory Eng , , 2009 . . 1 ( ( 4 ): ): 424 - - 429 . . DOI: 10.7763/IJCTE.2009.V1.68 http://doi.org/10.7763/IJCTE.2009.V1.68 . .

Q Su , , , Y Niu , , , X Liu , , , 等 . . A novel blind digital watermarking algorithm for embedding color image into color imag . . Optik , , 2013 . . 124 ( ( 18 ): ): 3254 - - 3259 . . DOI: 10.1016/J.IJLEO.2012.10.005 http://doi.org/10.1016/J.IJLEO.2012.10.005 . .

X Sun , , , S Bo . . A blind digital watermarking for color medical images based on PCA . . Int Conf on Wireless Communications, Networking, and Information Security , , 2011 . . p.421 - - 427 . . DOI: 10.1109/WCINS.2010.5541812 http://doi.org/10.1109/WCINS.2010.5541812 . .

M Tarisha . . The Politics of Online Copyright Enforcement in the EU . . Palgrave Macmillan, Cham, USA , , 2017 . . DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-50974-7 http://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-50974-7 . .

R Vidal , , , Y Ma , , , S Sastry . . Generalized principal component analysis . . IEEE Trans Patt Anal Mech Intell , , 2005 . . 27 ( ( 12 ): ): 1945 - - 1959 . . DOI: 10.1109/TPAMI.2005.244 http://doi.org/10.1109/TPAMI.2005.244 . .

PH Vo , , , TS Nguyen , , , VT Huynh , , , 等 . . A robust hybrid watermarking scheme based on DCT and SVD for copyright protection of stereo images . . 4 th NAFOSTED Conf on Information and Computer Science , , 2017 . . p.331 - - 335 . . DOI: 10.1109/NAFOSTED.2017.8108087 http://doi.org/10.1109/NAFOSTED.2017.8108087 . .

E Yavuz , , , Z Telatar . . Comments on "A digital watermarking scheme based on singular value decomposition and tiny genetic algorithm" . . Dig Signal Process , , 2013 . . 23 ( ( 4 ): ): 1335 - - 1336 . . DOI: 10.1016/J.DSP.2013.02.009 http://doi.org/10.1016/J.DSP.2013.02.009 . .

X You , , , L Du , , , Y Cheung , , , 等 . . A blind watermarking scheme using new non-tensor product wavelet filter banks . . IEEE Trans Inform Forens Secur , , 2010 . . 19 ( ( 12 ): ): 3271 - - 3284 . . DOI: 10.1109/TIP.2010.2055570 http://doi.org/10.1109/TIP.2010.2055570 . .

PX Zhang , , , K Li . . Comments on "An SVD based watermarking scheme for protecting rightful ownership" . . IEEE Trans Multim , , 2005 . . 5 ( ( 2 ): ): 593 - - 594 . . DOI: 10.1109/TMM.2005.843357 http://doi.org/10.1109/TMM.2005.843357 . .

T Zong , , , Y Xiang , , , I Natgunanathan , , , 等 . . Robust histogram shape-based method for image watermarking . . IEEE Trans Circ Syst Video Technol , , 2015 . . 25 ( ( 5 ): ): 717 - - 729 . . DOI: 10.1109/TCSVT.2014.2363743 http://doi.org/10.1109/TCSVT.2014.2363743 . .

Views

Downloads

CSCD

Alert me when the article has been cited

Submit

Tools

Publicity Resources

Convergence of blockchain and Internet of Things: integration, security, and use cases

A robust intelligent audio watermarking scheme using support vector machine

Related Author

Robertas DAMAŠEVIČIUS

Sanjay MISRA

Rytis MASKELIŪNAS

Anand NAYYAR

Mohammad MOSLEH

Hadi LATIFPOUR

Mohammad KHEYRANDISH

Mahdi MOSLEH

Related Institution

Department of Applied Informatics, Vytautas Magnus University

Department of Applied Data Science, Institute for Energy Technology

Department of Multimedia Engineering, Kaunas University of Technology

Graduate School, Faculty of Information Technology, Duy Tan University

Department of Computer Engineering, Dezfoul Branch, Islamic Azad University, Dezfoul

Chat

Address：Zhejiang University Press, 148 Tianmushan Road, Hangzhou, China Postal code：310028
Tel：+86-571-88273162 Email：fitee@zju.edu.cn
It is recommended to read the content of this site in Chrome&IE9+. Please switch to extreme mode in browser 360.
Cookies We use cookies to help provide and enhance our service and tailor content. By continuing, you agree to the use of cookies.

⁰