Ultra-low-power backscatter-based software-defined radio for intelligent and simplified IoT network

Huixin DONG; Wei KUANG; Fei XIAO; Lihai LIU; Feng XIANG; Wei WANG; Jianhua HE

doi:10.1631/FITEE.2100321

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Ultra-low-power backscatter-based software-defined radio for intelligent and simplified IoT network

Special Feature on Theory and Techniques for “Intellicise” Wireless Networks | Updated：2022-04-19

- Ultra-low-power backscatter-based software-defined radio for intelligent and simplified IoT network
  Enhanced Publication
- 适用于智简IoT网络的基于背向散射超低功耗软件无线电设计
- Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering Vol. 23, Issue 1, Pages: 19-30(2022)
- Affiliations：
  
  1.School of Electronic Information and Communication, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan430074, China
  2.School of Management, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan430074, China
  3.China Railway Siyuan Survey and Design Group Co., Ltd., Wuhan430063, China
  4.Wuhan Maritime Communication Research Institute, Wuhan430079, China
  5.School of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering, University of Essex, ColchesterCO4 3SQ, UK
- Author bio：
  
  E-mail: huixin@hust.edu.cn;
  E-mail: kuangwei@hust.edu.cn;
  ‡Corresponding author
  E-mail: isaacllh@hotmail.com;
  E-mail: fengxiang@alumni.hust.edu.cn;
  E-mail: weiwangw@hust.edu.cn;
  E-mail: j.he@essex.ac.uk
- Funds：
- DOI：10.1631/FITEE.2100321
  CLC： TN926
- Received：02 July 2021，
  
  Accepted：11 November 2021，
  
  Published：0 January 2022
- Accepted：
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Huixin DONG, Wei KUANG, Fei XIAO, et al. Ultra-low-power backscatter-based software-defined radio for intelligent and simplified IoT network[J]. Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering, 2022, 23(1): 19-30.
DOI：

Huixin DONG, Wei KUANG, Fei XIAO, et al. Ultra-low-power backscatter-based software-defined radio for intelligent and simplified IoT network[J]. Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering, 2022, 23(1): 19-30. DOI： 10.1631/FITEE.2100321.

摘要

近年来，对智能和简化、为众多小型化设备提供超低功耗的通信物联网（IoT）的需求激增。尽管科研人员已开始为这些网络设计通信协议，但缺乏一个低功耗、高能效软件无线电（SDR）开发平台实现快速实施和实验评估。现有SDR平台只能在有源场景下工作良好，但不适用于硬件条件和能量高度受限的小型化IoT设备。本文率先尝试实现一种超低功耗SDR平台，可满足超低功耗甚至无源物联网节点的通信研发需求。为实现这个目标，将μW级背向散射通信技术有效集成到SDR平台，避免使用高耗能有源射频前端器件。设计了一个包含能量收集和功率管理的新颖电路，并提出消除背向散射造成的谐波和镜像频率干扰方法。评估了不同调制方式下的SDR性能，实现了100 kb/s的高通信速率，该节点在唤醒状态能耗低于200 μW，在睡眠状态下能耗为10 μW。利用该平台进行一个铁路检查案例研究，在真实环境中且距离为50米时，实现1 kb/s的无源数据传输效率。此外，提供智能工厂和物流配送两个案例，探索所提平台的应用。

Abstract

The recent decade has witnessed an upsurge in the demands of intelligent and simplified Internet of Things (IoT) networks that provide ultra-low-power communication for numerous miniaturized devices. Although the research community has paid great attention to wireless protocol designs for these networks

researchers are handicapped by the lack of an energy-efficient software-defined radio (SDR) platform for fast implementation and experimental evaluation. Current SDRs perform well in battery-equipped systems

but fail to support miniaturized IoT devices with stringent hardware and power constraints. This paper takes the first step toward designing an ultra-low-power SDR that satisfies the ultra-low-power or even battery-free requirements of intelligent and simplified IoT networks. To achieve this goal

the core technique is the effective integration of μW-level backscatter in our SDR to sidestep power-hungry active radio frequency chains. We carefully develop a novel circuit design for efficient energy harvesting and power control

and devise a competent solution for eliminating the harmonic and mirror frequencies caused by backscatter hardware. We evaluate the proposed SDR using different modulation schemes

and it achieves a high data rate of 100 kb/s with power consumption less than 200 μW in the active mode and as low as 10 μW in the sleep mode. We also conduct a case study of railway inspection using our platform

achieving 1 kb/s battery-free data delivery to the monitoring unmanned aerial vehicle at a distance of 50 m in a real-world environment

and provide two case studies on smart factories and logistic distribution to explore the application of our platform.

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