A robust watermarking algorithm based on QR factorization and DCT using quantization index modulation technique

Hong-yuan CHEN; Yue-sheng ZHU

doi:10.1631/jzus.C1100338

Your Location：

Home >

Browse articles >

A robust watermarking algorithm based on QR factorization and DCT using quantization index modulation technique

Computer & Automation | Updated：2022-12-09

- A robust watermarking algorithm based on QR factorization and DCT using quantization index modulation technique
- A robust watermarking algorithm based on QR factorization and DCT using quantization index modulation technique
- Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering Vol. 13, Issue 8, Pages: 573-584(2012)
- Affiliations：
  
  Communication and Information Security Lab, Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Author bio：
  
  Yue-sheng ZHU, E-mail: zhuys@pkusz.edu.cn
- Funds：
- DOI：10.1631/jzus.C1100338
  CLC： TP309.2
- Received：16 November 2011，
  
  Revised：2012-;7-;6，
  
  Published：2012-08
- Accepted：
Scan QR Code
Hong-yuan CHEN, Yue-sheng ZHU. A robust watermarking algorithm based on QR factorization and DCT using quantization index modulation technique[J]. Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering, 2012, 13(8): 573-584.
DOI：

Hong-yuan CHEN, Yue-sheng ZHU. A robust watermarking algorithm based on QR factorization and DCT using quantization index modulation technique[J]. Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering, 2012, 13(8): 573-584. DOI： 10.1631/jzus.C1100338.

摘要

Abstract

We propose a robust digital watermarking algorithm for copyright protection. A stable feature is obtained by utilizing QR factorization and discrete cosine transform (DCT) techniques

and a meaningful watermark image is embedded into an image by modifying the stable feature with a quantization index modulation (QIM) method. The combination of QR factorization

DCT

and QIM techniques guarantees the robustness of the algorithm. Furthermore

an embedding location selection method is exploited to select blocks with small modifications as the embedding locations. This can minimize the embedding distortion and greatly improve the imperceptibility of our scheme. Several standard images were tested and the experimental results were compared with those of other published schemes. The results demonstrate that our proposed scheme can achieve not only better imperceptibility

but also stronger robustness against common signal processing operations and lossy compressions

such as filtering

noise addition

scaling

sharpening

rotation

cropping

and JPEG/JPEG2000 compression.

关键词

Keywords

references

M. Barni , , , F. Bartolini , , , V. Cappellini , , , A. Piva . . A DCT-domain system for robust image watermarking . . Signal Process. , , 1998 . . 66 ( ( 3 ): ): 357 - - 372 . . DOI: 10.1016/S0165-1684(98)00015-2 http://doi.org/10.1016/S0165-1684(98)00015-2 . .

R. Chandramouli , , , M. Nasir , , , R. Majid . . Digital Watermarking . . In : Hornak, J.P. (Ed.), Encyclopedia of Imaging Science and Technology. Wiley, New York , , 2002 . . p.226 - - 239 . . . .

B. Chen , , , G. Wornell . . Quantization index modulation: a class of provably good methods for digital watermarking and information embedding . . IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory , , 2001 . . 47 ( ( 4 ): ): 1423 - - 1443 . . DOI: 10.1109/18.923725 http://doi.org/10.1109/18.923725 . .

P.K. Gupta , , , S.K. Shrivastava . . Improved RST-Attacks Resilient Image Watermarking Based on Joint SVD-DCT . . Int. Conf. on Computer and Communication Technology , , 2010 . . p.46 - - 51 . . DOI: 10.1109/ICCCT.2010.5640409 http://doi.org/10.1109/ICCCT.2010.5640409 . .

Y. Hu , , , Z. Wang , , , H. Liu , , , G. Guo . . A geometric distortion resilient image watermark algorithm based on DWTDFT . . J. Softw. , , 2011 . . 6 ( ( 9 ): ): 1805 - - 1812 . . DOI: 10.4304/jsw.6.9.1805-1812 http://doi.org/10.4304/jsw.6.9.1805-1812 . .

H. Huang , , , C. Yang , , , W. Hsu . . A video watermarking technique based on pseudo-3-D DCT and quantization index modulation . . IEEE Trans. Inf. Forens. Secur. , , 2010 . . 5 ( ( 4 ): ): 625 - - 637 . . DOI: 10.1109/TIFS.2010.2080675 http://doi.org/10.1109/TIFS.2010.2080675 . .

C.C. Lai . . An improved SVD-based watermarking scheme using human visual characteristics . . Opt. Commun. , , 2011a . . 284 ( ( 4 ): ): 938 - - 944 . . DOI: 10.1016/j.optcom.2010.10.047 http://doi.org/10.1016/j.optcom.2010.10.047 . .

C.C. Lai . . A digital watermarking scheme based on singular value decomposition and tiny genetic algorithm . . Dig. Signal Process. , , 2011b . . 21 ( ( 4 ): ): 522 - - 527 . . DOI: 10.1016/j.dsp.2011.01.017 http://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsp.2011.01.017 . .

F. Liu , , , K. Han , , , C.Z. Wang . . A Novel Blind Watermark Algorithm Based on SVD and DCT . . IEEE Int. Conf. on Intelligent Computing and Intelligent Systems , , 2009 . . p.283 - - 286 . . DOI: 10.1109/ICICISYS.2009.5357687 http://doi.org/10.1109/ICICISYS.2009.5357687 . .

J. Liu , , , X. Zhang , , , J. Sun , , , M.A. Lagunas . . A Digital Watermarking Scheme Based on ICA Detection . . 4th Int. Symp. on Independent Component Analysis and Blind Signal Separation , , 2003 . . p.215 - - 220 . . . .

A.A. Mohammad , , , A. Alhaj , , , S. Shaltaf . . An improved SVD-based watermarking scheme for protecting rightful ownership . . Signal Process. , , 2008 . . 88 ( ( 9 ): ): 2158 - - 2180 . . DOI: 10.1016/j.sigpro.2008.02.015 http://doi.org/10.1016/j.sigpro.2008.02.015 . .

J.J. Murillo-Fuentes . . Independent component analysis in the blind watermarking of digital images . . Neurocomputing , , 2007 . . 70 ( ( 16-18 ): ): 2881 - - 2890 . . DOI: 10.1016/j.neucom.2006.06.011 http://doi.org/10.1016/j.neucom.2006.06.011 . .

Y. Naderahmadian , , , S. Hosseini-Khayat . . Fast Watermarking Based on QR Decomposition in Wavelet Domain . . 6th Int. Conf. on Intelligent Information Hiding and Multimedia Signal Processing , , 2010 . . p.127 - - 130 . . DOI: 10.1109/IIHMSP.2010.39 http://doi.org/10.1109/IIHMSP.2010.39 . .

A. Phadikar , , , S.P. Maity , , , B. Verma . . Region based QIM digital watermarking scheme for image database in DCT domain . . Comput. Electr. Eng. , , 2011 . . 37 ( ( 3 ): ): 339 - - 355 . . DOI: 10.1016/j.compeleceng.2011.02.002 http://doi.org/10.1016/j.compeleceng.2011.02.002 . .

S. Rastegar , , , F. Namazi , , , K. Yaghmaie , , , A. Amir . . Hybrid watermarking algorithm based on singular value decomposition and Radon transform . . AEU Int. J. Electron. Commun. , , 2011 . . 65 ( ( 7 ): ): 658 - - 663 . . DOI: 10.1016/j.aeue.2010.09.008 http://doi.org/10.1016/j.aeue.2010.09.008 . .

M.N. Sakib , , , S.B. Alam , , , A.B.M.R. Sazzad , , , C. Shahnaz , , , S.A. Fattah . . A Basic Digital Watermarking Algorithm in Discrete Cosine Transformation Domain . . 2nd Int. Conf. on Intelligent Systems, Modelling and Simulation , , 2011 . . p.419 - - 421 . . DOI: 10.1109/ISMS.2011.72 http://doi.org/10.1109/ISMS.2011.72 . .

Y. Seo , , , W. Kim , , , Y. Suh , , , W. Oh , , , C. Hwang . . QIM Watermarking for Image with Two Adaptive Quantization Step-Sizes . . 9th Int. Conf. on Advanced Communication Technology , , 2007 . . p.797 - - 800 . . DOI: 10.1109/ICACT.2007.358470 http://doi.org/10.1109/ICACT.2007.358470 . .

Z.W. Shen , , , W.W. Liao , , , Y.N. Shen . . Blind Watermarking Algorithm Based on Henon Chaos System and Lifting Scheme Wavelet . . Int. Conf. on Wavelet Analysis and Pattern Recognition , , 2009 . . p.308 - - 313 . . DOI: 10.1109/ICWAPR.2009.5207447 http://doi.org/10.1109/ICWAPR.2009.5207447 . .

W. Song , , , J. Hou , , , Z. Li , , , L. Huang . . Chaotic system and QR factorization based robust digital image watermarking algorithm . . J. Cent. South Univ. Technol. , , 2011 . . 18 ( ( 1 ): ): 116 - - 124 . . DOI: 10.1007/s11771-011-0668-8 http://doi.org/10.1007/s11771-011-0668-8 . .

Q. Su , , , X. Liu , , , W. Yang . . A Watermarking Algorithm for Color Image Based on YIQ Color Space and Integer Wavelet Transform . . Int. Conf. on Image Analysis and Signal Processing , , 2009 . . p.70 - - 73 . . DOI: 10.1109/IASP.2009.5054573 http://doi.org/10.1109/IASP.2009.5054573 . .

W. Wang , , , A. Men , , , X. Chen . . Robust Image Watermarking Scheme Based on Phase Features in DFT Domain and Generalized Radon Transformations . . Int. Congress on Image and Signal Processing , , 2009 . . p.1510 - - 1514 . . DOI: 10.1109/CISP.2009.5303553 http://doi.org/10.1109/CISP.2009.5303553 . .

C.S. Won . . Boosting robustness against composite attacks for quantization index-modulation algorithms . . J. Electron. Imag. , , 2010 . . 19 ( ( 2 ): ): 023010 DOI: 10.1117/1.3427158 http://doi.org/10.1117/1.3427158 . .

A.M. Zeki , , , A.A. Manaf , , , S.S. Mahmod . . High watermarking capacity based on spatial domain technique . . Inf. Technol. J. , , 2011 . . 10 ( ( 7 ): ): 1367 - - 1373 . . DOI: 10.3923/itj.2011.1367.1373 http://doi.org/10.3923/itj.2011.1367.1373 . .

Views

Downloads

CSCD

Alert me when the article has been cited

Submit

Tools

Publicity Resources

Detection of quantization index modulation steganography in G.723.1 bit stream based on quantization index sequence analysis

Related Author

Song-bin LI

Huai-zhou TAO

Yong-feng HUANG

Related Institution

Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University

Tsinghua National Laboratory for Information Science and Technology

Chat

Address：Zhejiang University Press, 148 Tianmushan Road, Hangzhou, China Postal code：310028
Tel：+86-571-88273162 Email：fitee@zju.edu.cn
It is recommended to read the content of this site in Chrome&IE9+. Please switch to extreme mode in browser 360.
Cookies We use cookies to help provide and enhance our service and tailor content. By continuing, you agree to the use of cookies.

⁰