室内大规模天线阵列信道特征分析与性能评估

李健之; 艾渤; 何睿斯; 王琦; 杨汨; 张北; 官科; 何丹萍; 钟章队; 周婷; 李楠

doi:10.1631/FITEE.1700021

Your Location：

Home >

Browse articles >

室内大规模天线阵列信道特征分析与性能评估

5G无线通信系统与技术专辑 | Updated：2022-05-19

- 室内大规模天线阵列信道特征分析与性能评估
- Indoor massive multiple-input multiple-output channel characterization and performance evaluation
- 信息与电子工程前沿（英文） 2017年18卷第6期页码：773-787
- Affiliations：
  
  State Key Laboratory of Rail Traffic Control and Safety, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China
  Engineering University of Armed Police Force, Telecommunication Engineering Department, Xi'an 710086, China
  Key Laboratory of Wireless Sensor Network and Communication, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China
  ZTE Corporation, Beijing 100191, China
- Author bio：
  
  [ "Jian-zhi LI, E-mail: 15111063@bjtu.edu.cn" ]
  Bo AI, E-mail: boai@bjtu.edu.cn
- Funds：
  
  Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.61501020 and U1334202), the State Key Laboratory of Rail Traffic Control and Safety (No.RCS2016ZJ005), the National Key Research and Development Program (No.2016YFB1200102-04), the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (No.2016M591355), the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (No.2016JBZ006), the National High-Tech R & D Program (863) of China (No.2014AA01A706), the National S & T Major Project (No.2016ZX03001021-003), and the Key Laboratory of Wireless Sensor Network and Communication, Chinese Academy of Sciences (No.2013005)
- DOI：10.1631/FITEE.1700021
  中图分类号： TN92
- 收稿：2017-01-08，
  
  修回：2017-4-8，
  
  纸质出版：2017-06
- Accepted：
Scan QR Code
李健之, 艾渤, 何睿斯, 等. 室内大规模天线阵列信道特征分析与性能评估[J]. 信息与电子工程前沿（英文）, 2017,18(6):773-787.

Jian-zhi LI, Bo AI, Rui-si HE, et al. Indoor massive multiple-input multiple-output channel characterization and performance evaluation[J]. Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering, 2017, 18(6): 773-787.
李健之, 艾渤, 何睿斯, 等. 室内大规模天线阵列信道特征分析与性能评估[J]. 信息与电子工程前沿（英文）, 2017,18(6):773-787. DOI： 10.1631/FITEE.1700021.

Jian-zhi LI, Bo AI, Rui-si HE, et al. Indoor massive multiple-input multiple-output channel characterization and performance evaluation[J]. Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering, 2017, 18(6): 773-787. DOI： 10.1631/FITEE.1700021.

摘要

介绍了室内环境下的大规模天线阵列信道测量，天线阵列形式包括64阵元虚拟线阵、64阵元虚拟面阵以及128阵元虚拟面阵。3种不同形式的阵列结构通过三维机械转台构造得到。测量频点包括2、4、6、11、15以及22 GHz，测量带宽为200 MHz。测量同时考虑了直射径场景和非直射径场景。对实测数据进行了基本信道参数萃取，参数包括路径损耗、阴影衰落、功率时延谱和均方根时延扩展。同时给出了上述信道参数的频率依赖性分析，以及阴影衰落与均方根时延扩展的相关性分析。利用实测数据，对基于匹配滤波器的码间干扰消除性能进行了评估，给出了其他信道性能指标（如信道香农容量、信道状态数以及信道富裕度）的分析结果。分析结果表明：对于具有丰富反散射体的室内环境，即使在直射径存在的情况下，实际大规模天线阵列信道的性能可以接近于独立同分布瑞利信道。

Abstract

We present a measurement campaign to characterize an indoor massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) channel system

using a 64-element virtual linear array

a 64-element virtual planar array

and a 128-element virtual planar array. The array topologies are generated using a 3D mechanical turntable. The measurements are conducted at 2

and 22 GHz

with a large bandwidth of 200 MHz. Both line-of-sight (LOS) and non-LOS (NLOS) propagation scenarios are considered. The typical channel parameters are extracted

including path loss

shadow fading

power delay profile

and root mean square (RMS) delay spread. The frequency dependence of these channel parameters is analyzed. The correlation between shadow fading and RMS delay spread is discussed. In addition

the performance of the standard linear precoder——the matched filter

which can be used for intersymbol interference (ISI) mitigation by shortening the RMS delay spread

is investigated. Other performance measures

such as entropy capacity

Demmel condition number

and channel ellipticity

are analyzed. The measured channels

which are in a rich-scattering indoor environment

are found to achieve a performance close to that in independent and identically distributed Rayleigh channels even in an LOS scenario.

关键词

Keywords

references

B. Ai , , , X. Cheng , , , T. Kürner , , , 等 . . Challenges toward wireless communications for high-speed railway . . IEEE Trans. Intell. Transp. Syst. , , 2014 . . 15 ( ( 5 ): ): 2143 - - 2158 . . DOI: 10.1109/TITS.2014.2310771 http://doi.org/10.1109/TITS.2014.2310771 . .

B. Ai , , , K. Guan , , , M. Rupp , , , 等 . . Future railway services-oriented mobile communications network . . IEEE Commun. Mag. , , 2015 . . 53 ( ( 10 ): ): 78 - - 85 . . DOI: 10.1109/MCOM.2015.7295467 http://doi.org/10.1109/MCOM.2015.7295467 . .

B. Ai , , , K. Guan , , , R.S. He , , , 等 . . On indoor millimeter wave massive MIMO channels: measurement and simulation . . IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun. , , 2017 . . 99 1 - - 17 . . DOI: 10.1109/JSAC.2017.2698780 http://doi.org/10.1109/JSAC.2017.2698780 . .

J.G. Andrews , , , S. Buzzi , , , W. Choi , , , 等 . . What will 5G be? . . IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun. , , 2014 . . 32 ( ( 6 ): ): 1065 - - 1082 . . DOI: 10.1109/JSAC.2014.2328098 http://doi.org/10.1109/JSAC.2014.2328098 . .

D. Astely , , , E. Dahlman , , , A. Furuskär , , , 等 . . LTE: the evolution of mobile broadband . . IEEE Commun. Mag. , , 2009 . . 47 ( ( 4 ): ): 44 - - 51 . . DOI: 10.1109/MCOM.2009.4907406 http://doi.org/10.1109/MCOM.2009.4907406 . .

F. Boccardi , , , R.W. Heath , , , A. Lozano , , , 等 . . Five disruptive technology directions for 5G . . IEEE Commun. Mag. , , 2014 . . 52 ( ( 2 ): ): 74 - - 80 . . DOI: 10.1109/MCOM.2014.6736746 http://doi.org/10.1109/MCOM.2014.6736746 . .

Y. Cai , , , R.C. de Lamare , , , B. Champagne , , , 等 . . Adaptive reduced-rank receive processing based on minimum symbol-error-rate criterion for large-scale multiple-antenna systems . . IEEE Trans. Commun. , , 2015 . . 63 ( ( 11 ): ): 4185 - - 4201 . . DOI: 10.1109/TCOMM.2015.2475260 http://doi.org/10.1109/TCOMM.2015.2475260 . .

J.W. Demmel . . The probability that a numerical anal ysis problem is difficult . . Math. Comput. , , 1988 . . 50 ( ( 182 ): ): 449 - - 480 . . DOI: 10.1090/S0025-5718-1988-0929546-7 http://doi.org/10.1090/S0025-5718-1988-0929546-7 . .

M.J. Feuerstein , , , K.L. Blackard , , , T.S. Rappaport , , , 等 . . Path loss, delay spread, and outage models as functions of antenna height for microcellular system design . . IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol. , , 1994 . . 43 ( ( 3 ): ): 487 - - 498 . . DOI: 10.1109/25.312809 http://doi.org/10.1109/25.312809 . .

J. Flordelis , , , X. Gao , , , G. Dahman , , , 等 . . Spatial separation of closely-spaced users in measured massive multi-user MIMO channels . . IEEE Int. Conf. on Communications , , 2015 . . p.1441 - - 1446 . . DOI: 10.1109/ICC.2015.7248526 http://doi.org/10.1109/ICC.2015.7248526 . .

L. Gao , , , Z. Zhong , , , B. Ai , , , 等 . . Estimation of the Ricean K factor in the high speed railway scenarios . . 5th Int. Conf. on Communications and Networking in China , , 2010 . . p.1 - - 5 . . . .

X. Gao , , , F. Tufvesson , , , O. Edfors , , , 等 . . Measured propagation characteristics for very-large MIMO at 2.6 GHz . . 46th Asilomar Conf. on Signals, Systems and Computers , , 2012 . . p.295 - - 299 . . DOI: 10.1109/ACSSC.2012.6489010 http://doi.org/10.1109/ACSSC.2012.6489010 . .

X. Gao , , , O. Edfors , , , F. Rusek , , , 等 . . Massive MIMO performance evaluation based on measured propagation data . . IEEE Trans. Wirel. Commun. , , 2015 . . 14 ( ( 7 ): ): 3899 - - 3911 . . DOI: 10.1109/TWC.2015.2414413 http://doi.org/10.1109/TWC.2015.2414413 . .

L.J. Greenstein , , , V. Erceg , , , Y.S. Yeh , , , 等 . . A new path-gain/delay-spread propagation model for dig ital cellular channels . . IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol. , , 1997 . . 46 ( ( 2 ): ): 477 - - 485 . . DOI: 10.1109/25.580786 http://doi.org/10.1109/25.580786 . .

K. Guan , , , Z. Zhong , , , B. Ai , , , 等 . . Deterministic propagation modeling for the realistic high-speed rail way environment . . IEEE 77th Vehicular Technology Conf , , 2013a . . p.1 - - 5 . . DOI: 10.1109/VTCSpring.2013.6692506 http://doi.org/10.1109/VTCSpring.2013.6692506 . .

K. Guan , , , Z. Zhong , , , B. Ai , , , 等 . . Modeling of the division point of different propagation mechanisms in the near-region within arched tunnels . . Wirel. Pers. Commun. , , 2013b . . 68 ( ( 3 ): ): 489 - - 505 . . DOI: 10.1007/s11277-011-0464-7 http://doi.org/10.1007/s11277-011-0464-7 . .

K. Guan , , , Z. Zhong , , , B. Ai , , , 等 . . Propagation measurements and analysis for train stations of high speed railway at 930 MHz . . IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol. , , 2014a . . 63 ( ( 8 ): ): 3499 - - 3516 . . DOI: 10.1109/TVT.2014.2307917 http://doi.org/10.1109/TVT.2014.2307917 . .

K. Guan , , , Z. Zhong , , , B. Ai , , , 等 . . Propagation measurements and modeling of crossing bridges on high speed railway at 930 MHz . . IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol. , , 2014b . . 63 ( ( 2 ): ): 502 - - 517 . . DOI: 10.1109/TVT.2013.2275912 http://doi.org/10.1109/TVT.2013.2275912 . .

K. Guan , , , B. Ai , , , M.L. Nicolás , , , 等 . . On the influence of scattering from traffic signs in vehicle-to-x communi cations . . IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol. , , 2016 . . 65 ( ( 8 ): ): 5835 - - 5849 . . DOI: 10.1109/TVT.2015.2476335 http://doi.org/10.1109/TVT.2015.2476335 . .

R. He , , , Z. Zhong , , , B. Ai , , , 等 . . An empirical path loss model and fading analysis for high-speed railway viaduct scenarios . . IEEE Antennas Wirel. Propag. Lett. , , 2011 . . 10 808 - - 812 . . DOI: 10.1109/LAWP.2011.2164389 http://doi.org/10.1109/LAWP.2011.2164389 . .

R. He , , , Z. Zhong , , , B. Ai , , , 等 . . Analysis of the rela tion between Fresnel zone and path loss exponent based on two-ray model . . IEEE Antennas Wirel. Propag. Lett. , , 2012a . . 11 208 - - 211 . . DOI: 10.1109/LAWP.2012.2187270 http://doi.org/10.1109/LAWP.2012.2187270 . .

R. He , , , Z. Zhong , , , B. Ai , , , 等 . . Measurements and analysis of short-term fading behavior for high speed rail viaduct scenario . . IEEE Int. Conf. on Communications , , 2012b . . p.4563 - - 4567 . . DOI: 10.1109/ICC.2012.6363678 http://doi.org/10.1109/ICC.2012.6363678 . .

R. He , , , Z. Zhong , , , B. Ai , , , 等 . . Measurements and analysis of propagation channels in high-speed railway viaducts . . IEEE Trans. Wirel. Commun. , , 2013 . . 12 ( ( 2 ): ): 794 - - 805 . . DOI: 10.1109/TWC.2012.120412.120268 http://doi.org/10.1109/TWC.2012.120412.120268 . .

R. He , , , A.F. Molisch , , , F. Tufvesson , , , 等 . . Vehicle-to vehicle propagation models with large vehicle obstruc tions . . IEEE Trans. Intell. Transp. Syst. , , 2014 . . 15 ( ( 5 ): ): 2237 - - 2248 . . DOI: 10.1109/TITS.2014.2311514 http://doi.org/10.1109/TITS.2014.2311514 . .

R. He , , , O. Renaudin , , , V.M. Kolmonen , , , 等 . . Char acterization of quasi-stationarity regions for vehicle-to vehicle radio channels . . IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. , , 2015a . . 63 ( ( 5 ): ): 2237 - - 2251 . . DOI: 10.1109/TAP.2015.2402291 http://doi.org/10.1109/TAP.2015.2402291 . .

R. He , , , Z. Zhong , , , B. Ai , , , 等 . . Shadow fading correlation in high-speed railway environments . . IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol. , , 2015b . . 64 ( ( 7 ): ): 2762 - - 2772 . . DOI: 10.1109/TVT.2014.2351579 http://doi.org/10.1109/TVT.2014.2351579 . .

R. He , , , B. Ai , , , G. Wang , , , 等 . . High-speed railway communications: from GSM-R to LTE-R . . IEEE Veh. Technol. Mag. , , 2016a . . 11 ( ( 3 ): ): 49 - - 58 . . DOI: 10.1109/MVT.2016.2564446 http://doi.org/10.1109/MVT.2016.2564446 . .

R. He , , , W. Chen , , , B. Ai , , , 等 . . On the clustering of radio channel impulse responses using sparsity-based methods . . IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. , , 2016b . . 64 ( ( 6 ): ): 2465 - - 2474 . . DOI: 10.1109/TAP.2016.2546953 http://doi.org/10.1109/TAP.2016.2546953 . .

R.W. Heath , , , A.J. Paulraj . . Switching between diver sity and multiplexing in MIMO systems . . IEEE Trans. Commun. , , 2005 . . 53 ( ( 6 ): ): 962 - - 968 . . DOI: 10.1109/TCOMM.2005.849774 http://doi.org/10.1109/TCOMM.2005.849774 . .

J. Hoydis , , , C. Hoek , , , T. Wild , , , 等 . . Channel measurements for large antenna arrays . . Int. Symp. on Wireless Communication Systems , , 2012 . . p.811 - - 815 . . DOI: 10.1109/ISWCS.2012.6328480 http://doi.org/10.1109/ISWCS.2012.6328480 . .

G.J.M. Janssen , , , P.A. Stigter , , , R. Prasad . . Wideband indoor channel measurements and BER analysis of fre quency selective multipath channels at 2.4, 4.75, and 11.5 GHz . . IEEE Trans. Commun , , 1996 . . 44 ( ( 10 ): ): 1272 - - 1288 . . DOI: 10.1109/26.539768 http://doi.org/10.1109/26.539768 . .

V. Jungnickel , , , S. Jaeckel , , , L. Thiele , , , 等 . . Capacity measurements in a cooperative MIMO network . . IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol. , , 2009 . . 58 ( ( 5 ): ): 2392 - - 2405 . . DOI: 10.1109/TVT.2008.2010260 http://doi.org/10.1109/TVT.2008.2010260 . .

E.G. Larsson , , , O. Edfors , , , F. Tufvesson , , , 等 . . Massive MIMO for next generation wireless systems . . IEEE Commun. Mag. , , 2014 . . 52 ( ( 2 ): ): 186 - - 195 . . DOI: 10.1109/MCOM.2014.6736761 http://doi.org/10.1109/MCOM.2014.6736761 . .

J. Li , , , B. Ai , , , R. He , , , 等 . . Measurement-based characterizations of indoor massive MIMO channels at 2 GHz, 4 GHz, and 6 GHz frequency bands . . IEEE 83rd Vehicular Technology Conf , , 2016 . . p.1 - - 5 . . DOI: 10.1109/VTCSpring.2016.7504341 http://doi.org/10.1109/VTCSpring.2016.7504341 . .

L. Liu , , , Y. Li , , , J. Zhang . . DoA estimation and achievable rate analysis for 3D millimeter wave massive MIMO systems . . IEEE 15th Int. Workshop on Signal Processing Advances in Wireless Communications , , 2014 . . p.6 - - 10 . . DOI: 10.1109/SPAWC.2014.6941306 http://doi.org/10.1109/SPAWC.2014.6941306 . .

A.F. Molisch . . Wireless Communications , , : : Hoboken, USA Wiley-IEEE Press , , 2011 . . .

A.F. Molisch , , , M. Steinbauer . . Condensed parameters for characterizing wideband mobile radio channels . . Int. J. Wirel. Inform. Netw. , , 1999 . . 6 ( ( 3 ): ): 133 - - 154 . . DOI: 10.1023/A:1018895720076 http://doi.org/10.1023/A:1018895720076 . .

B.L. Ng , , , Y. Kim , , , J. Lee , , , 等 . . Fulfilling the promise of massive MIMO with 2D active antenna array . . IEEE Globecom Workshops , , 2012 . . p.691 - - 696 . . DOI: 10.1109/GLOCOMW.2012.6477658 http://doi.org/10.1109/GLOCOMW.2012.6477658 . .

H.Q. Ngo , , , E.G. Larsson , , , T.L. Marzetta . . Energy and spectral efficiency of very large multiuser MIMO systems . . IEEE Trans. Commun. , , 2013 . . 61 ( ( 4 ): ): 1436 - - 1449 . . DOI: 10.1109/TCOMM.2013.020413.110848 http://doi.org/10.1109/TCOMM.2013.020413.110848 . .

S. Payami , , , F. Tufvesson . . Channel measurements and analysis for very large array systems at 2.6 GHz . . 6th European Conf. on Antennas and Propagation , , 2012 . . p.433 - - 437 . . DOI: 10.1109/EuCAP.2012.6206345 http://doi.org/10.1109/EuCAP.2012.6206345 . .

S. Payami , , , F. Tufvesson . . Delay spread properties in a measured massive MIMO system at 2.6 GHz . . IEEE 24th Annual Int. Symp. on Personal, Indoor, and Mobile Radio Communication , , 2013 . . p.53 - - 57 . . DOI: 10.1109/PIMRC.2013.6666103 http://doi.org/10.1109/PIMRC.2013.6666103 . .

A.S.Y. Poon , , , M. Ho . . Indoor multiple-antenna channel characterization from 2 to 8 GHz . . IEEE Int. Conf. on Communications , , 2003 . . p.3519 - - 3523 . . DOI: 10.1109/ICC.2003.1204108 http://doi.org/10.1109/ICC.2003.1204108 . .

F. Rusek , , , D. Persson , , , B.K. Lau , , , 等 . . Scaling up MIMO: opportunities and challenges with very large arrays . . IEEE Signal Process. Mag. , , 2013 . . 30 ( ( 1 ): ): 40 - - 60 . . DOI: 10.1109/MSP.2011.2178495 http://doi.org/10.1109/MSP.2011.2178495 . .

J. Salo , , , P. Suvikunnas , , , H.M. El-Sallabi , , , 等 . . Ellip ticity statistic as measure of MIMO multipath richness . . Electron. Lett. , , 2006 . . 42 ( ( 3 ): ): 160 - - 162 . . DOI: 10.1049/el:20063847 http://doi.org/10.1049/el:20063847 . .

S. Salous , , , H. Gokalp . . Medium-and large-scale charac terization of UMTS-allocated frequency division duplex channels . . IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol. , , 2007 . . 56 ( ( 5 ): ): 2831 - - 2843 . . DOI: 10.1109/TVT.2007.900495 http://doi.org/10.1109/TVT.2007.900495 . .

C.X. Wang , , , F. Haider , , , X. Gao , , , 等 . . Cellular archi tecture and key technologies for 5G wireless communi cation networks . . IEEE Commun. Mag. , , 2014 . . 52 ( ( 2 ): ): 122 - - 130 . . DOI: 10.1109/MCOM.2014.6736752 http://doi.org/10.1109/MCOM.2014.6736752 . .

H. Wei , , , Z. Zhong , , , L. Xiong , , , 等 . . Study on the shadow fading characteristic in viaduct scenario of the high-speed railway . . 6th Int. Conf. on Communications and Networking in China , , 2011 . . p.1216 - - 1220 . . DOI: 10.1109/ChinaCom.2011.6158343 http://doi.org/10.1109/ChinaCom.2011.6158343 . .

S. Wu , , , C.X. Wang , , , H. Haas , , , 等 . . A non-stationary wideband channel model for massive MIMO commu nication systems . . IEEE Trans. Wirel. Commun. , , 2015 . . 14 ( ( 3 ): ): 1434 - - 1446 . . DOI: 10.1109/TWC.2014.2366153 http://doi.org/10.1109/TWC.2014.2366153 . .

浏览量

Downloads

CSCD

文章被引用时，请邮件提醒。

Submit

工具集

关联资源

XL-MIMO channel measurement, characterization, and modeling for 6G: a survey

Suboptimal network coding subgraph algorithms for 5G minimum-cost multicast networks