基于一致性哈希算法的低能耗共识协议

于雷; 赵晓芳; 金岩; 蔡恒毅; 魏波; 胡斌

doi:10.1631/FITEE.1800119

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基于一致性哈希算法的低能耗共识协议

常规文章 | Updated：2022-05-19

- 基于一致性哈希算法的低能耗共识协议
- Low powered blockchain consensus protocols based on consistent hash
- 信息与电子工程前沿（英文） 2019年20卷第10期页码：1361-1377
- Affiliations：
  
  University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
  Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- Author bio：
  
  Lei YU, E-mail: yulei@ncic.ac.cn
- Funds：
  
  Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 61672499, 61772502, and 61972382), the Key Special Project of Beijing Municipal Science & Technology Commission, China (No. Z181100003218018), the Natural Science Foundation of Inner Mongolia, Open Foundation of State Key Laboratory of Networking and Switching Technology of China (No. SKLNST-2016-2-09), the SV-ICT Blockchain & DAPP Joint Lab of China, and the ICT-SSC Blockchain Joint Lab of China
- DOI：10.1631/FITEE.1800119
  中图分类号： TP301
- 收稿：2018-02-23，
  
  修回：2019-;9-;4，
  
  纸质出版：2019-10
- Accepted：
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于雷, 赵晓芳, 金岩, 等. 基于一致性哈希算法的低能耗共识协议[J]. 信息与电子工程前沿（英文）, 2019,20(10):1361-1377.

Lei YU, Xiao-fang ZHAO, Yan JIN, et al. Low powered blockchain consensus protocols based on consistent hash[J]. Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering, 2019, 20(10): 1361-1377.
于雷, 赵晓芳, 金岩, 等. 基于一致性哈希算法的低能耗共识协议[J]. 信息与电子工程前沿（英文）, 2019,20(10):1361-1377. DOI： 10.1631/FITEE.1800119.

Lei YU, Xiao-fang ZHAO, Yan JIN, et al. Low powered blockchain consensus protocols based on consistent hash[J]. Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering, 2019, 20(10): 1361-1377. DOI： 10.1631/FITEE.1800119.

摘要

当前区块链共识协议在去中心化、安全性和能耗方面存在"三难"优化困境。针对这个问题，基于一致性哈希算法，设计了两个新的区块链共识协议，分别为CHB-consensus和CHBD-consensus。在新的共识协议下，诚实的"矿工"可以公平地获得创建新区块的机会。在创建新块时，诚实矿工不再需要付出海量竞争性算力，且该新区块可获取整个区块链网络公平验证及确认共识协议。恶意矿工则必须付出海量算力资源才能攻击新区块，以创建特权或实现"双花"。由CHB-consensus和CHBD-consensus共识形成的区块链网络基于与比特币系统相同的安全性假设，在节省海量电力的同时，不会牺牲去中心化和安全性。分析了可能的攻击行为，并给出严格但可调整的验证策略。CHB-consensus和CHBD-consensus共识引入数字身份证书管理机构（CA），CA对区块链网络或区块链数据结构没有特殊管理权或控制权，但依据CA系统信誉和可靠性，存在一定隐私泄露风险。最后，分析了CHB-consensus和CHBD-consensus共识的鲁棒性和能耗，并通过理论推导证明它们的优势。

Abstract

Current blockchain consensus protocols have a triangle of contradictions in aspects of decentralization

security

and energy consumption

and cannot be synchronously optimized. We describe a design of two new blockchain consensus protocols

called "CHB-consensus" and "CHBD-consensus

" based on a consistent hash algorithm. Honest miners can fairly gain the opportunity to create blocks. They do not consume any extra computational power resources when creating new blocks

and such blocks can obtain the whole blockchain network to confirm consensus with fairness. However

malicious miners have to pay massive computational power resources for attacking the new block creation privilege or double-spending. Blockchain networks formed by CHB-consensus and CHBD-consensus are based on the same security assumption as that in Bitcoin systems

so they save a huge amount of power without sacrificing decentralization or security. We analyze possible attacks and give a rigorous but adjustable validation strategy. CHB-consensus and CHBD-consensus introduce a certification authority (CA) system

which does not have special management or control rights over blockchain networks or data structures

but carries the risk of privacy breaches depending on credibility and reliability of the CA system. Here

we analyze the robustness and energy consumption of CHB-consensus and CHBD-consensus

and demonstrate their advantages through theoretical derivation.

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