基于3D变换电磁学和2D表面电磁学的电磁场操控和天线设计

张鹏飞; 闫玉凯; 刘英; Raj MITTRA

doi:10.1631/FITEE.1900489

Your Location：

Home >

Browse articles >

基于3D变换电磁学和2D表面电磁学的电磁场操控和天线设计

后5G与6G天线系统演进与创新专题 | Updated：2022-05-19

- 基于3D变换电磁学和2D表面电磁学的电磁场操控和天线设计
- A look at field manipulation and antenna design using 3D transformation electromagnetics and 2D surface electromagnetics
- 信息与电子工程前沿（英文） 2020年21卷第3期页码：351-365
- Affiliations：
  
  School of Electrical Engineering, Xidian University, Xi'an 710071, China
  Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA
  Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 22254, Saudi Arabia
- Author bio：
  
  Peng-fei ZHANG, E-mail: zhangpf@mail.xidian.edu.cn
  [ "Yu-kai YAN, E-mail: yyk@stu.xidian.edu.cn" ]
  [ "Ying LIU, E-mail: liuying@mail.xidian.edu.cn" ]
  [ "Raj MITTRA, E-mail: rajmittra@ieee.org" ]
- Funds：
  
  Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 61971335)
- DOI：10.1631/FITEE.1900489
  中图分类号： TN82
- 收稿：2019-09-11，
  
  修回：2020-;2-24，
  
  纸质出版：2020-03
- Accepted：
Scan QR Code
张鹏飞, 闫玉凯, 刘英, 等. 基于3D变换电磁学和2D表面电磁学的电磁场操控和天线设计[J]. 信息与电子工程前沿（英文）, 2020,21(3):351-365.

Peng-fei ZHANG, Yu-kai YAN, Ying LIU, et al. A look at field manipulation and antenna design using 3D transformation electromagnetics and 2D surface electromagnetics[J]. Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering, 2020, 21(3): 351-365.
张鹏飞, 闫玉凯, 刘英, 等. 基于3D变换电磁学和2D表面电磁学的电磁场操控和天线设计[J]. 信息与电子工程前沿（英文）, 2020,21(3):351-365. DOI： 10.1631/FITEE.1900489.

Peng-fei ZHANG, Yu-kai YAN, Ying LIU, et al. A look at field manipulation and antenna design using 3D transformation electromagnetics and 2D surface electromagnetics[J]. Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering, 2020, 21(3): 351-365. DOI： 10.1631/FITEE.1900489.

摘要

尽管人们已经开发了针对不同类型天线的多种设计技术，如线天线、贴片天线、透镜天线以及反射面等，但尚未构建普适的框架技术—普适框架技术应可用于各种天线的综合与设计，使天线具有满足使用者特定需求的电气特性。近年来，5G通信及各种空天技术、国防应用、生物医疗和类似应用的快速发展，迫切需要天线设计技术的大幅提升。本文从场操控角度剖视天线设计技术，为这种框架性构建提供一个可能的思考，以期最终部分满足这种需求。首先，回顾现有操控技术，包括基于麦克斯韦方程和波动方程在内的场变换方法，指出这些技术的局限性，并提出改善性能的方法。其次，介绍一种基于2D超表面的场操控方法及其理论基础--广义反射和折射定律。进一步，探索如何利用2D超表面克服传统的由临界角严格限制的反射和折射局限性。最后，给出场操控方法在天线设计中的应用实例，以期引导人们发展面向未来通信天线设计的通用策略和方法。

Abstract

While many techniques have been developed for the design of different types of antennas

such as wire antenna

patch antenna

lenses

and reflectors

these cannot be said general-purpose strategies for the synthesis and design of antennas to achieve the performance characteristics specified by users. Recently

there has been an increasing need for the development of antenna design techniques because of the advent of 5G and a variety of space

defense

biological

and similar applications

for which a robust and general-purpose design tool is not to be developed. The main objective of this study is to take a look at antenna design from the field manipulation point of view

which has the potential to partially fulfill this need. We review the existing field manipulation techniques

including field transformation methods based on Maxwell's and wave equations

point out some limitations of these techniques

and then present ways to improve the performance of these methods. Next

we introduce an alternative approach for field manipulation based on two-dimensional (2D) metasurfaces

and present laws of the generalized reflection and refraction that are based on 2D surface electromagnetics. Then

we explore how to overcome the limitations of conventional reflection and refraction processes that are strictly bounded by the critical angle. Finally

we provide some application examples of field manipulation methods in the antenna design

with a view on developing a general-purpose strategy for antenna design for future communication.

关键词

Keywords

references

K Achouri , , , MA Salem , , , C Caloz . . General metasurface synthesis based on susceptibility tensors . . IEEE Trans Antenn Propag , , 2015 . . 63 ( ( 7 ): ): 2977 - - 2991 . . DOI: 10.1109/TAP.2015.2423700 http://doi.org/10.1109/TAP.2015.2423700 . .

TJ Cui , , , MQ Qi , , , X Wan , , , 等 . . Coding metamaterials, digital metamaterials and programmable metamaterials . . Light Sci Appl , , 2014 . . 3 ( ( 10 ): ): e218 DOI: 10.1038/lsa.2014.99 http://doi.org/10.1038/lsa.2014.99 . .

X Jia , , , F Yang , , , Y Vahabzadeh , , , 等 . . Multiple beam forming using spherical metasurfaces . . IEEE Int Symp on Antennas and Propagation & USNC/URSI National Radio Science Meeting , , 2018 . . p.1709 - - 1710 . . DOI: 10.1109/APUSNCURSINRSM.2018.8608223 http://doi.org/10.1109/APUSNCURSINRSM.2018.8608223 . .

WX Jiang , , , JY Chin , , , Z Li , , , 等 . . Analytical design of conformally invisible cloaks for arbitrarily shaped objects . . Phys Rev E , , 2008 . . 77 ( ( 6 ): ): 066607 DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevE.77.066607 http://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.77.066607 . .

DH Kwon , , , DH Werner . . Restoration of antenna parameters in scattering environments using electromagnetic cloaking . . Appl Phys Lett , , 2008 . . 92 ( ( 11 ): ): 113507 DOI: 10.1063/1.2898220 http://doi.org/10.1063/1.2898220 . .

Y Lai , , , HY Chen , , , ZQ Zhang , , , 等 . . Complementary media invisibility cloak that cloaks objects at a distance outside the cloaking shell . . Phys Rev Lett , , 2009 . . 102 ( ( 9 ): ): 093901 DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.102.093901 http://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.102.093901 . .

C Lee , , , R Sainati , , , RR Franklin . . Frequency selective surface effects on a coplanar waveguide feedline in Fabry-Perot cavity antenna systems . . IEEE Antenn Wirel Propag Lett , , 2018 . . 17 ( ( 5 ): ): 768 - - 771 . . DOI: 10.1109/LAWP.2018.2815343 http://doi.org/10.1109/LAWP.2018.2815343 . .

JG Lee , , , JH Lee . . Low-profile Fabry-Perot cavity (FPC) antenna using meta-surface for dual-band . . Int Symp on Antennas and Propagation , , 2017 . . p.1 - - 2 . . DOI: 10.1109/ISANP.2017.8228943 http://doi.org/10.1109/ISANP.2017.8228943 . .

U Leonhardt . . Optical conformal mapping . . Science , , 2006 . . 312 ( ( 5781 ): ): 1777 - - 1780 . . DOI: 10.1126/science.1126493 http://doi.org/10.1126/science.1126493 . .

LL Li , , , HX Ruan , , , C Liu , , , 等 . . Machine-learning reprogrammable metasurface imager . . Nat Commun , , 2019 . . 10 ( ( 1 ): ): 1082 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-09103-2 http://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-09103-2 . .

RN Lian , , , ZY Tang , , , YZ Yin . . Design of a broadband polarization-reconfigurable Fabry-Perot resonator antenna . . IEEE Antenn Wirel Propag Lett , , 2017 . . 17 ( ( 1 ): ): 122 - - 125 . . DOI: 10.1109/LAWP.2017.2777502 http://doi.org/10.1109/LAWP.2017.2777502 . .

R Liu , , , C Ji , , , JJ Mock , , , 等 . . Broadband ground-plane cloak . . Science , , 2009 . . 323 ( ( 5912 ): ): 366 - - 369 . . DOI: 10.1126/science.1166949 http://doi.org/10.1126/science.1166949 . .

ZG Liu . . Fabry-Perot resonator antenna . . J Infrar Millim Terah Wave , , 2010 . . 31 ( ( 4 ): ): 391 - - 403 . . DOI: 10.1007/s10762-009-9605-4 http://doi.org/10.1007/s10762-009-9605-4 . .

ZG Liu . . Broadband Fabry-Perot cavity leaky wave antenna with parabolic-shape reflector . . IEEE 5 th Asia- Pacific Conf on Antennas and Propagation , , 2016 . . p.355 - - 356 . . DOI: 10.1109/APCAP.2016.7843240 http://doi.org/10.1109/APCAP.2016.7843240 . .

JG Marin , , , AA Baba , , , DL Cuenca , , , 等 . . High-gain low- profile chip-fed resonant cavity antennas for millimeter- wave bands . . IEEE Antenn Wirel Propag Lett , , 2019 . . 18 ( ( 11 ): ): 2394 - - 2398 . . DOI: 10.1109/LAWP.2019.2926791 http://doi.org/10.1109/LAWP.2019.2926791 . .

R Mittra , , , Y Zhou , , , P Zhang . . A look at electromagnetic field transformation using transformation optics (TO): wave equation and scattering matrix formalisms . . Forum Electromagn Res Meth Appl Technol , , 2016 . . 15 004 . .

JB Pendry , , , D Schurig , , , DR Smith . . Controlling electromagnetic fields . . Science , , 2006 . . 312 ( ( 5781 ): ): 1780 - - 1782 . . DOI: 10.1126/science.1125907 http://doi.org/10.1126/science.1125907 . .

B Ratni , , , A de Lustrac , , , GP Piau , , , 等 . . Phase modulation in partially reflective surfaces for beam steering in Fabry- Perot cavity antennas . . Asia-Pacific Microwave Conf , , 2018 . . p.1052 - - 1054 . . DOI: 10.23919/APMC.2018.8617348 http://doi.org/10.23919/APMC.2018.8617348 . .

D Schurig , , , JB Pendry , , , DR Smith . . Calculation of material properties and ray tracing in transformation media . . Opt Expr , , 2006 . . 14 ( ( 21 ): ): 9794 - - 9804 . . DOI: 10.1364/OE.14.009794 http://doi.org/10.1364/OE.14.009794 . .

A Silva , , , F Monticone , , , G Castaldi , , , 等 . . Performing mathematical operations with metamaterials . . Science , , 2014 . . 343 ( ( 6167 ): ): 160 - - 163 . . DOI: 10.1126/science.1242818 http://doi.org/10.1126/science.1242818 . .

WL Wei , , , K Mahdjoubi , , , C Brousseau , , , 等 . . Enhancement of directivity of an OAM antenna by using Fabry- Perot cavity . . 10 th European Conf on Antennas and Propagation , , 2016 . . p.1 - - 4 . . DOI: 10.1109/EuCAP.2016.7481906 http://doi.org/10.1109/EuCAP.2016.7481906 . .

F Yang , , , Y Rahmat-Samii . . Surface Electromagnetics: with Applications in Antenna, Microwave, and Optical Engineering , , Cambridge University Press , , : : Cambridge, UK 2019 . . .

R Yang , , , WX Tang , , , Y Hao , , , 等 . . A coordinate transformation-based broadband flat lens via microstrip array . . IEEE Antenn Wirel Propag Lett , , 2011 . . 10 99 - - 102 . . DOI: 10.1109/LAWP.2011.2112328 http://doi.org/10.1109/LAWP.2011.2112328 . .

NF Yu , , , P Genevet , , , MA Kats , , , 等 . . Light propagation with phase discontinuities: generalized laws of reflection and refraction . . Science , , 2011 . . 334 ( ( 6054 ): ): 333 - - 337 . . DOI: 10.1126/science.1210713 http://doi.org/10.1126/science.1210713 . .

NF Yu , , , P Genevet , , , F Aieta , , , 等 . . Flat optics: controlling wavefronts with optical antenna metasurfaces . . IEEE J Sel Top Quant Electron , , 2013 . . 19 ( ( 3 ): ): 4700423 DOI: 10.1109/JSTQE.2013.2241399 http://doi.org/10.1109/JSTQE.2013.2241399 . .

L Zhang , , , XQ Chen , , , S Liu , , , 等 . . Space-time-coding digital metasurfaces . . Nat Commun , , 2018 . . 9 ( ( 1 ): ): 4334 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-06802-0 http://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-06802-0 . .

PF Zhang , , , SX Gong , , , R Mittra . . Beam-shaping technique based on generalized laws of refraction and reflection . . IEEE Trans Antenn Propag , , 2017 . . 66 ( ( 2 ): ): 771 - - 779 . . DOI: 10.1109/TAP.2017.2778042 http://doi.org/10.1109/TAP.2017.2778042 . .

PF Zhang , , , P Li , , , R Mittra . . On the design of conformal radomes for beam-shaping of antennas . . IEEE Int Symp on Antennas and Propagation & USNC/URSI National Radio Science Meeting , , 2018 . . p.1541 - - 1542 . . DOI: 10.1109/APUSNCURSINRSM.2018.8608927 http://doi.org/10.1109/APUSNCURSINRSM.2018.8608927 . .

PF Zhang , , , S Wang , , , P Li . . Analysis of some mathematical questions of transformation optics and its application to stealth carpet design . . J Electron Inform Technol , , 2019 . . 41 ( ( 6 ): ): 1336 - - 1343 . . DOI: 10.11999/JEIT180247 http://doi.org/10.11999/JEIT180247 . .

浏览量

Downloads

CSCD

文章被引用时，请邮件提醒。

Submit

工具集

关联资源

暂无数据