ShortTail：降低纠删码内存存储系统的尾部延迟

滕云; 李之悦; 黄晶; 张广艳

doi:10.1631/FITEE.2100566

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ShortTail：降低纠删码内存存储系统的尾部延迟

常规文章 | Updated：2023-01-11

- ShortTail：降低纠删码内存存储系统的尾部延迟
- ShortTail: taming tail latency for erasure-code-based in-memory systems
- 信息与电子工程前沿（英文） 2022年23卷第11期页码：1646-1657
- Affiliations：
  
  1.College of Computer Science and Technology, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
  2.Department of Computer Science and Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
  3.Key Laboratory of Symbolic Computation and Knowledge Engineering of Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
  4.Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology (Tsinghua University), Beijing 100084, China
- Author bio：
  
  ‡Corresponding author
- Funds：
  
  National Natural Science Foundation of China(62025203);Changchun Key Scientific and Technological Research and Development Project, China(21ZGN30)
- DOI：10.1631/FITEE.2100566
  中图分类号： TP302
- 收稿：2021-12-08，
  
  录用：2022-04-01，
  
  网络出版：2022-06-01，
  
  纸质出版：2022-11-0
- Accepted：
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滕云, 李之悦, 黄晶, 等. ShortTail：降低纠删码内存存储系统的尾部延迟[J]. 信息与电子工程前沿（英文）, 2022,23(11):1646-1657.

Yun TENG, Zhiyue LI, Jing HUANG, et al. ShortTail: taming tail latency for erasure-code-based in-memory systems[J]. Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering, 2022, 23(11): 1646-1657.
滕云, 李之悦, 黄晶, 等. ShortTail：降低纠删码内存存储系统的尾部延迟[J]. 信息与电子工程前沿（英文）, 2022,23(11):1646-1657. DOI： 10.1631/FITEE.2100566.

Yun TENG, Zhiyue LI, Jing HUANG, et al. ShortTail: taming tail latency for erasure-code-based in-memory systems[J]. Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering, 2022, 23(11): 1646-1657. DOI： 10.1631/FITEE.2100566.

摘要

为获得高性能和高数据可用性，基于纠删码的内存存储系统得到广泛应用。然而，随着集群规模不断增长，服务器级别的性能降级问题出现得越来越频繁，进而导致长尾延迟。在基于纠删码的系统中，由于一个纠删码操作可能依赖于多个子操作的同步完成，长尾延迟的影响被进一步放大。本文提出一种称为ShortTail的基于纠删码的内存存储系统，该系统可实现稳定的性能和较低的读写延迟。首先，ShortTail使用轻量请求监视器监测每个内存节点性能，以便及时发现性能降级节点。其次，ShortTail选择性执行降级读操作和重定向写操作，以避免访问性能降级节点。最后，ShortTail采用一种自适应写策略降低小写请求的写放大程度。本文在Memcached上实现了ShortTail，并将其与两个系统进行比较。实验结果表明，ShortTail最高可降低63.77%的99分位延迟，且显著改善中位延迟和平均延迟。

Abstract

In-memory systems with erasure coding (EC) enabled are widely used to achieve high performance and data availability. However

as the scale of clusters grows

the server-level fail-slow problem is becoming increasingly frequent

which can create long tail latency. The influence of long tail latency is further amplified in EC-based systems due to the synchronous nature of multiple EC sub-operations. In this paper

we propose an EC-enabled in-memory storage system called ShortTail

which can achieve consistent performance and low latency for both reads and writes. First

ShortTail uses a lightweight request monitor to track the performance of each memory node and identify any fail-slow node. Second

ShortTail selectively performs degraded reads and redirected writes to avoid accessing fail-slow nodes. Finally

ShortTail posts an adaptive write strategy to reduce write amplification of small writes. We implement ShortTail on top of Memcached and compare it with two baseline systems. The experimental results show that ShortTail can reduce the P99 tail latency by up to 63.77%; it also brings significant improvements in the median latency and average latency.

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