Design of dual-edge triggered flip-flops based on quantum-dot cellular automata

Lin-rong XIAO; Xie-xiong CHEN; Shi-yan YING

doi:10.1631/jzus.C1100287

Your Location：

Home >

Browse articles >

Design of dual-edge triggered flip-flops based on quantum-dot cellular automata

电子工程 | Updated：2022-12-09

- Design of dual-edge triggered flip-flops based on quantum-dot cellular automata
- Design of dual-edge triggered flip-flops based on quantum-dot cellular automata
- 信息与电子工程前沿（英文） 2012年13卷第5期页码：385-392
- Affiliations：
  
  1.Department of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
  2.Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, China
  3.College of Information Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
- Author bio：
  
  Lin-rong XIAO, E-mail: xiaolr@126.com
- Funds：
  
  Project (No. Y1110808) supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province, China
- DOI：10.1631/jzus.C1100287
  中图分类号： TN79
- 收稿：2011-10-07，
  
  修回：2012-;4-11，
  
  纸质出版：2012-05
- Accepted：
Scan QR Code
Design of dual-edge triggered flip-flops based on quantum-dot cellular automata[J]. 信息与电子工程前沿（英文）, 2012,13(5):385-392.

Lin-rong XIAO, Xie-xiong CHEN, Shi-yan YING. Design of dual-edge triggered flip-flops based on quantum-dot cellular automata[J]. Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering, 2012, 13(5): 385-392.
Design of dual-edge triggered flip-flops based on quantum-dot cellular automata[J]. 信息与电子工程前沿（英文）, 2012,13(5):385-392. DOI： 10.1631/jzus.C1100287.

Lin-rong XIAO, Xie-xiong CHEN, Shi-yan YING. Design of dual-edge triggered flip-flops based on quantum-dot cellular automata[J]. Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering, 2012, 13(5): 385-392. DOI： 10.1631/jzus.C1100287.

摘要

Abstract

Quantum-dot cellular automata (QCA) technology has been widely considered as an alternative to complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS) due to QCA's inherent merits. Many interesting QCA-based logic circuits with smaller feature size

higher operating frequency

and lower power consumption than CMOS have been presented. However

QCA is limited in its sequential circuit design with high performance flip-flops. Based on a brief introduction of QCA and dual-edge triggered (DET) flip-flop

we propose two original QCA-based D and JK DET flip-flops

offering the same data throughput of corresponding single-edge triggered (SET) flip-flops at half the clock pulse frequency. The logic functionality of the two proposed flip-flops is verified with the QCADesigner tool. All the proposed QCA-based DET flip-flops show higher performance than their SET counterparts in terms of data throughput. Furthermore

compared with a previous DET D flip-flop

the number of cells

covered area

and time delay of the proposed DET D flip-flop are reduced by 20.5%

23.5%

and 25%

respectively. By using a lower clock pulse frequency

the proposed DET flip-flops are promising for constructing QCA sequential circuits and systems with high performance.

关键词

Keywords

references

M.A. Amiri , , , M. Mahdavi , , , S. Mirzakuchaki . . QCA Implementation of a MUX-Based FPGA CLB . . Proc. Int. Conf. on Nanoscience and Nanotechnology , , 2008 . . p.141 - - 144 . . DOI: 10.1109/ICONN.2008.4639266 http://doi.org/10.1109/ICONN.2008.4639266 . .

I. Amlani , , , A.O. Orlov , , , G. Toth , , , G.H. Bernstein , , , C.S. Lent , , , G.L. Snider . . Digital logic gate using quantum-dot cellular automata . . Science , , 1999 . . 284 ( ( 5412 ): ): 289 - - 291 . . DOI: 10.1126/science.284.5412.289 http://doi.org/10.1126/science.284.5412.289 . .

I. Amlani , , , A.O. Orlov , , , R.K. Kummamuru , , , G.H. Bernstein , , , C.S. Lent , , , G.L. Snider . . Experimental demonstration of a leadless quantum-dot cellular automata cell . . Appl. Phys. Lett. , , 2000 . . 77 ( ( 5 ): ): 738 - - 740 . . DOI: 10.1063/1.127103 http://doi.org/10.1063/1.127103 . .

M. Askari , , , M. Taghizadeh , , , K. Fardad . . Design and Analysis of a Sequential Ring Counter for QCA Implementation . . Int. Conf. on Computer and Communication Engineering , , 2008 . . p.933 - - 936 . . DOI: 10.1109/ICCCE.2008.4580743 http://doi.org/10.1109/ICCCE.2008.4580743 . .

G.M. Blair . . Low-power double-edge triggered flipflop . . Electron. Lett. , , 1997 . . 33 ( ( 10 ): ): 845 - - 847 . . DOI: 10.1049/el:19970593 http://doi.org/10.1049/el:19970593 . .

L. Bonci , , , M. Gattobigio , , , G. Iannaccone , , , M. Macucci . . Simulation of time evolution of clocked and nonclocked quantum cellular automaton circuits . . J. Appl. Phys. , , 2002 . . 92 ( ( 6 ): ): 3169 - - 3178 . . DOI: 10.1063/1.1501747 http://doi.org/10.1063/1.1501747 . .

H. Cho , , , E.E. Swartzlander . . Adder and multiplier design in quantum-dot cellular automata . . IEEE Trans. Comput. , , 2009 . . 58 ( ( 6 ): ): 721 - - 727 . . DOI: 10.1109/TC.2009.21 http://doi.org/10.1109/TC.2009.21 . .

M.A. Dehkordi , , , A.S. Shamsabadi , , , B.S. Ghahfarokhi , , , A. Vafaei . . Novel RAM cell designs based on inherent capabilities of quantum-dot cellular automata . . Microelectron. J. , , 2011 . . 42 ( ( 5 ): ): 701 - - 708 . . DOI: 10.1016/j.mejo.2011.02.006 http://doi.org/10.1016/j.mejo.2011.02.006 . .

R. Devadoss , , , K. Paul , , , M. Balakrishnan . . Coplanar QCA crossovers . . Electron. Lett. , , 2009 . . 45 ( ( 24 ): ): 1234 - - 1235 . . DOI: 10.1049/el.2009.2819 http://doi.org/10.1049/el.2009.2819 . .

A. Gin , , , S. Williams , , , H. Meng , , , P.D. Tougaw . . Hierarchical design of quantum-dot cellular automata devices . . J. Appl. Phys. , , 1999 . . 85 ( ( 7 ): ): 3713 - - 3720 . . DOI: 10.1063/1.369737 http://doi.org/10.1063/1.369737 . .

R. Hossain , , , L.D. Wronski , , , A. Albicki . . Low power design using double edge triggered flip-flops . . IEEE Trans. VLSI Syst. , , 1994 . . 2 ( ( 2 ): ): 261 - - 265 . . DOI: 10.1109/92.285754 http://doi.org/10.1109/92.285754 . .

J. Huang , , , M. Momenzadeh , , , F. Lombardi . . Design of sequential circuits by quantum-dot cellular automata . . Microelectron. J. , , 2007 . . 38 ( ( 4-5 ): ): 525 - - 537 . . DOI: 10.1016/j.mejo.2007.03.013 http://doi.org/10.1016/j.mejo.2007.03.013 . .

K. Kong , , , Y. Shang , , , R. Lu . . Counter Designs in Quantum-Dot Cellular Automata . . 10th IEEE Conf. on Nanotechnology , , 2010 . . p.1130 - - 1134 . . DOI: 10.1109/NANO.2010.5698033 http://doi.org/10.1109/NANO.2010.5698033 . .

C.S. Lent , , , E. Isaksen . . Clocked molecular quantum-dot cellular automata . . IEEE Trans. Electron Dev. , , 2003 . . 50 ( ( 9 ): ): 1890 - - 1895 . . DOI: 10.1109/TED.2003.815857 http://doi.org/10.1109/TED.2003.815857 . .

C.S. Lent , , , P.D. Tougaw , , , W. Porod . . Bistable saturation in coupled quantum dots for quantum cellular automata . . Appl. Phys. Lett. , , 1993 . . 62 ( ( 7 ): ): 714 - - 716 . . DOI: 10.1063/1.108848 http://doi.org/10.1063/1.108848 . .

C.S. Lent , , , P.D. Tougaw , , , W. Porod . . Quantum Cellular Automata: the Physics of Computing and Arrays of Quantum Dot Molecules . . Proc. Workshop on Physics and Computation , , 1994 . . p.5 - - 13 . . DOI: 10.1109/PHYCMP.1994.363705 http://doi.org/10.1109/PHYCMP.1994.363705 . .

V.A. Mardiris , , , I.G. Karafyllidis . . Design and simulation of modular 2 n to 1 quantum-dot cellular automata (QCA) multiplexers . . Int. J. Circ. Theory Appl. , , 2010 . . 38 ( ( 8 ): ): 771 - - 785 . . DOI: 10.1002/cta.595 http://doi.org/10.1002/cta.595 . .

N. Nedovic , , , V.G. Oklobdzija . . Dual-edge triggered storage elements and clocking strategy for low-power systems . . IEEE Trans. VLSI Syst. , , 2005 . . 13 ( ( 5 ): ): 577 - - 590 . . DOI: 10.1109/TVLSI.2005.844302 http://doi.org/10.1109/TVLSI.2005.844302 . .

A.O. Orlov , , , I. Amlani , , , G.H. Bernstein , , , C.S. Lent , , , G.L. Snider . . Realization of a functional cell for quantum- dot cellular automata . . Science , , 1997 . . 277 ( ( 5328 ): ): 928 - - 930 . . DOI: 10.1126/science.277.5328.928 http://doi.org/10.1126/science.277.5328.928 . .

M. Ottavi , , , S. Pontarelli , , , E. DeBenedictis , , , A. Salsano , , , S. Frost-Murphy , , , P. Kogge , , , F. Lombardi . . Partially reversible pipelined QCA circuits: combining low power with high throughput . . IEEE Trans. Nanotechnol. , , 2011 . . 10 ( ( 6 ): ): 1383 - - 1393 . . DOI: 10.1109/TNANO.2011.2147796 http://doi.org/10.1109/TNANO.2011.2147796 . .

K. Qiu , , , Y. Xia . . Quantum-Dots Cellular Automata Comparator . . 7th Int. Conf. on ASIC , , 2007 . . p.1297 - - 1300 . . DOI: 10.1109/ICASIC.2007.4415874 http://doi.org/10.1109/ICASIC.2007.4415874 . .

A.S. Shamsabadi , , , B.S. Ghahfarokhi , , , K. Zamanifar , , , N. Movahedinia . . Applying inherent capabilities of quantum-dot cellular automata to design: D flip-flop case study . . J. Syst. Archit. , , 2009 . . 55 ( ( 3 ): ): 180 - - 187 . . DOI: 10.1016/j.sysarc.2008.11.001 http://doi.org/10.1016/j.sysarc.2008.11.001 . .

M. Torabi . . A New Architecture for T Flip Flop Using Quantum-Dot Cellular Automata . . 3rd Asia Symp. on Quality Electronic Design , , 2011 . . p.296 - - 300 . . DOI: 10.1109/ASQED.2011.6111764 http://doi.org/10.1109/ASQED.2011.6111764 . .

V. Vankamamidi , , , M. Ottavi , , , F. Lombardi . . A serial memory by quantum-dot cellular automata (QCA) . . IEEE Trans. Comput. , , 2008 . . 57 ( ( 5 ): ): 606 - - 618 . . DOI: 10.1109/TC.2007.70831 http://doi.org/10.1109/TC.2007.70831 . .

P. Venkataramani , , , S. Srivastava , , , S. Bhanja . . Sequential Circuit Design in Quantum Dot Cellular Automata . . 8th IEEE Conf. on Nanotechnology , , 2008 . . p.534 - - 537 . . DOI: 10.1109/NANO.2008.159 http://doi.org/10.1109/NANO.2008.159 . .

K. Walus , , , T.J. Dysart , , , G.A. Jullien , , , A.R. Budiman . . QCADesigner: a rapid design and simulation tool for quantum-dot cellular automata . . IEEE Trans. Nanotechnol. , , 2004 . . 3 ( ( 1 ): ): 26 - - 31 . . DOI: 10.1109/TNANO.2003.820815 http://doi.org/10.1109/TNANO.2003.820815 . .

W. Wang , , , K. Walus , , , G.A. Jullien . . Quantum-Dot Cellular Automata Adders . . Proc. 3rd IEEE Conf. on Nanotechnology , , 2003 . . p.461 - - 464 . . DOI: 10.1109/NANO.2003.1231818 http://doi.org/10.1109/NANO.2003.1231818 . .

X. Wu , , , J. Wei . . CMOS edge-triggered flip-flop using one latch . . Electron. Lett. , , 1998 . . 34 ( ( 16 ): ): 1581 - - 1582 . . DOI: 10.1049/el:19981095 http://doi.org/10.1049/el:19981095 . .

X. Yang , , , L. Cai , , , X. Zhao , , , N. Zhang . . Design and simulation of sequential circuits in quantum-dot cellular automata: falling edge-triggered flip-flop and counter study . . Microelectron. J. , , 2010a . . 41 ( ( 1 ): ): 56 - - 63 . . DOI: 10.1016/j.mejo.2009.12.008 http://doi.org/10.1016/j.mejo.2009.12.008 . .

X. Yang , , , L. Cai , , , X. Zhao . . Low power dual-edge triggered flip-flop structure in quantum dot cellular automata . . Electron. Lett. , , 2010b . . 46 ( ( 12 ): ): 825 - - 826 . . DOI: 10.1049/el.2010.1090 http://doi.org/10.1049/el.2010.1090 . .

L. Zeng , , , Q. Wang , , , Y. Dai . . A new phenomenon of quantum-dot cellular automata . . J. Zhejiang Univ.-Sci. , , 2005 . . 6A ( ( 10 ): ): 1090 - - 1094 . . DOI: 10.1631/jzus.2005.A1090 http://doi.org/10.1631/jzus.2005.A1090 . .

P. Zhao , , , J. McNeely , , , P. Golconda , , , M.A. Bayoumi , , , R.A. Barcenas , , , W. Kuang . . Low-power clock branch sharing double-edge triggered flip-flop . . IEEE Trans. VLSI Syst. , , 2007 . . 15 ( ( 3 ): ): 338 - - 345 . . DOI: 10.1109/TVLSI.2007.893623 http://doi.org/10.1109/TVLSI.2007.893623 . .

浏览量

Downloads

CSCD

文章被引用时，请邮件提醒。

Submit

工具集

关联资源

Low-power, high-speed, and area-efficient sequential circuits by quantum-dot cellular automata: T-latch and counter study

Nano-design of ultra-efficient reversible block based on quantum-dot cellular automata^#